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The work aims to provide a histological investigation of Fisiograft(R) a PLA/PGA copolymer, used as filler for bone defects in humans. The study was performed on biopsies of sinus lifts where Bio-Oss(R) and Fisiograft(R) gel were applied as graft material. Bone regeneration was satisfactory in all sinus lifts, even when Fisiograft(R) was applied alone. Due to remarkable osteoclast activity, Bio-Oss(R) granules were cleared from the majority of biopsy cores. At histology, Fisiograft(R) gel appeared as globes enveloped by fibroblasts, displaying an epithelial-like cell appearance. Due to its solubility in solvents, undegraded Fisiograft(R) (recorded for 7 months or more) did not stain whereas degraded Fisiograft(R) stained positive. The loose connective tissue, that surrounded Fisiograft(R), and bone contained isolated mastocytes. Bone grew inside the loose connective and often reached the surface of Fisiograft(R) by intervening cells. The results seem to indicate that Fisiograft(R) may be considered both a polymer useful for fastening bone substitutes inside a defect and in addition a material capable of prompting bone regeneration, with or without the use of a bone substitute. In addition to space-former and space-maintainer functions, Fisiograft(R) shows potential bone stimulation function, which may be labelled as osteopromotive capability

Objective:Observational studies on the association among systemic/general and oral cavity indices, tooth loss, periodontal conditions, and socioeconomic inequalities are to be still performed in the population of Southern Europe. This study aims to determine the extent of this relationship among Italian healthy adults 50 years of age and above.Materials and Methods:Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, cardiovascular indicators, and systemic indices were examined by contrasting the dental indices among adult people of Northern Italy. Data were processed through correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis was carried out using seemingly unrelated regressions.Results:A total of 118 adults 50 years of age and above, after anamnesis, underwent systemic and dental examination. Their socioeconomic status was found to be inversely associated only with smoking and dental parameters. Unexpected outcomes between lifestyle and risk factors were detected. The statistical analysis showed an uneven correlation among dental indices and between those indices and the socioeconomic status, such as, a periodontal condition, apparently free from influences, unusually became worse as the socioeconomic status enhanced.Conclusions:The study outcomes indicate a relationship between tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but they result in alternative choices. Nevertheless, the socioeconomic status has an inverse relationship with tooth loss and conservative endodontic therapy, but a direct relation with worsening of the periodontal condition. This pilot study highlights a need for the public health administration to adopt a socioeconomic assessment not only based on the household income, but also to accordingly improve its therapeutic course.

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Vitallium appliances and surrounding tissues were investigated to evaluate the release and accumulation of elements. Four microplates, sixteen screws and surrounding tissues were removed from three patients presenting inflammation 4 to 6 years after surgery and were submitted to SEM and X-ray microprobe analysis. Histology was performed on paraffin or PMMA sections of tissues.A continuous release of elements from metallic appliances into soft tissues was observed. Cobalt, chromium, and nickel were detected in soft and boney tissues in close proximity to the appliance. Aluminium, as a component of screw coatings, accumulated in soft tissues, and a remarkable amount of aluminium was detected in the dense lamella of lamellar bone. The results suggest that coatings containing aluminium should be avoided and the time these appliances are allowed to remain in patients should be shortened. Further studies on element release and the fate of aluminium in bone are warranted.