Precise corrections with a three-dimensional voxel model of the ionosphere based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data from a wide-area network of ground receivers can help resolve differential carrier-phase ambiguities over very long baselines of hundreds of kilometers in present two-frequency systems [global positioning system (GPS) and global orbiting navigation satellite system (GLONASS)] or in planned three-frequency systems (GALILEO, Modernized GPS). A study based on simulated three-frequency data from a modified GNSS signal generator indicates that all the phase ambiguities could be resolved successfully more than 90% of the time. This should be useful in surveying large areas with instruments that require very precise geolocation (e.g., radar or Lidar altimetry, interferometric synthetic aperture radar, interferometric sonar, etc.
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