The assemblages of ground beetles of forest areas of the northern part of Ukraine were studied: Polisky Nature Reserve (PNR) and urban parks of Kyiv City. In general, 88 species of carabids of 29 genera were observed in the studied areas. Thirty-one forest species were found in the studied territories, of which 22 species were registered in urban parks, and 17 species within the PNR. In all investigated areas, the number of forest species was lower, than open-habitat species and generalists species. Today, based on data on the occurrence and abundance of carabid species, forests in urban areas can be considered as refugia for many forest species, in particular, protected and endangered species — Abax parallelus, Carabus glabratus, Carabus menetriesi and Cychrus caraboides. The results of cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and detrended correspondence analysis showed the difference between the forests of the PNR and the urban parks. In addition, the species richness of the PNR were lower than in urban parks. The results of the study showed that urban parks can be considered as important elements for the future management and conservation of landscapes.
The article is devoted to the analysis of empirical data on the distribution of ground beetles in three model sites located in Lublin (Poland). Using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical cluster analysis, we compared the results of the studies based on the data of species × abundance and binary data (species × presence / absence). It was shown that the hierarchical clustering method and PCoA based on binary data demonstrate the individuality of the studied territories, although they have some common species. While the results of the analysis, based on abundances, did not show a clear separation of the stations within the three studied locations, the similarity between the studied territories is more objectively reflected from a biological point of view.
As a result of human activities, river valleys have changed: river beds have been transformed as a result of their regulation and dam construction. This paper presents unsupervised machine learning techniques to distinguish arthropod communities and attempts to explain the ecological priorities of individual species based on them. Data on a group of 95 species of carabid beetles from 16 habitats on the floodplains of two rivers - Bytytsia and Strilka (Dnipro basin, Ukraine). Analyses were performed using the program R version 4.1.1. Fuzzy clustering was performed using the fanny function from the R cluster package, and visualization of the results was performed using the t-SNE method from the Rtsne package. In our analysis, the following habitat type characteristics were chosen to distinguish communities: closed (forest) or open (grassland). According to the results of fuzzy clustering, out of 95 carabid species, 37 species were selected whose probability of belonging to their cluster was at least 0.95. These species form distinct three groups. The first group of carabid species is associated with forest sites in Bytytsia. The second group is connected with occurrence on meadow sites in Strilka. The third group of species is connected mainly with the meadow sites of the Bytytsia River. Established groups of species reflect the current ecological situation on floodplains and the influence of human activities on it.
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