This paper concerns the mechanical behavior of ACSR (aluminum conductor steel-reinforced) conductors under static-loading conditions, which may comprise any combination of tension, torsion, and bending. The model described is quite general and can be applied to other types of helically armored cables. A stiffness matrix is developed and relations are given for axial, torsional, and flexural rigidities and for coupling parameters. For small curvatures, the flexural rigidity is comparable to the upper limit accepted in current practice by ACSR users. As the curvature increases, however, frictional forces develop between the outer layers and sliding of wires may occur, with the result that the flexural rigidity decreases. The tension level also influences the flexural rigidity of the conductor. Actually the model does not consider the flexural rigidity of the system as a fixed entity but as directly influenced by local compressive forces and internal radial and tensile forces. The analysis can also apply to situations where a given number of initial constituent wires have failed and the load is transferred to neighboring wires, leaving the conductor unbalanced; it will be seen how internal arrangements manage to accommodate the local perturbation.
This paper presents an analysis method based on explicit dynamic analysis, enabling detailed and representative investigations of the mechanical effects of low-impedance faults in power equipment. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a given transformer design having caused the projection of a heavy chimney/bushing assembly over a significant distance is used as a case study. A comparison about the observed projection distance of this assembly shows that the method provides representative results, thus offering the significant advantage of replacing costly and unpractical tests. The method is then used to study the retrofit measure proposed in this case to retain the chimney, further exemplifying its power to effectively study different design and retrofitting options.Index Terms-Arc containment, explicit dynamic analysis, finite-difference methods, finite-element methods, finite volume methods, internal faults, pressure effects, tank rupture, transformers.
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