The electric field induced quantum phase transition from topological to conventional insulator has been proposed as the basis of a topological field effect transistor [1-4]. In this scheme an electric field can switch 'on' the ballistic flow of charge and spin along dissipationless edges of the two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin Hall insulator [5-9], and when 'off' is a conventional insulator with no conductive channels. Such a topological transistor is promising for low-energy logic circuits [4], which would necessitate electric field-switched materials with conventional and topological bandgaps much greater than room temperature, significantly greater than proposed to date [6-8]. Topological Dirac semimetals (TDS) are promising systems in which to look for topological field-effect switching, as they lie at the boundary between conventional and topological phases [3,10-16]. Here we use scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) to show that mono-and bilayer films of TDS Na3Bi [3,17] are 2D topological insulators with bulk bandgaps >400 meV in the absence of electric field. Upon application of electric field by doping with potassium or by close approach of the STM tip, the bandgap can be completely closed then re-opened with conventional gap greater than 100 meV. The large bandgaps in both the conventional and quantum spin Hall phases, much

We report the discovery of room temperature in-plane ferroelectricity in van der Waals In2Se3 with β′ phase.

Unrefined pomace of three apple cultivars was dried, powdered, analyzed and evaluated in pie filling and oatmeal cookies. Pomace had 2.2 -3.3% seed, 0.4 -0.9% stem, 70.0 -75.7% apple flesh and 20.1 -26.4% rice hull as filtering aid (DWB). Average dietary fiber was 36.8% and remaining carbohydrates were 54.4%, totalling 91.2%. Remaining components were protein, fat and ash. Average pH was 4.3; water activity, 0.13; and WHC, 3.7 ml-/g. Hunter color was L = 51.8, a = 5.4, and b = 18.2. Two levels of pomace in pie filling or three levels in oatmeal cookies did not affect color, cookie size or sensory scores. Both food products were rated as liked moderately.

Noodles were prepared with sweetpotato flour or puree and defatted soy flour (DSF) added to all-purpose wheat flour. These ingredients provided ␤-carotene for vitamin A and protein. Test samples were compared with control noodles. Combinations of sweetpotato and DSF increased protein, ash and total dietary fiber and decreased fat and carbohydrates. Sweetpotato contributed orange color and ␤-carotene, while DSF reduced lightness and added no ␤-carotene. Both ingredients increased cooking loss-10.4% from sweetpotato to 12.0% from sweetpotato and DSF combinations. Sweetpotato increased color acceptability with no change in flavor or overall acceptabilities. Sweetpotato decreased stickiness and DSF had no effect on acceptability.

Small potential variations in 3D semimetal Na3Bi enable close approach to the Dirac point, allowing exploration of new physics.

Layered indium selenides (In2Se3) have recently been discovered to host robust out-of-plane and inplane ferroelectricity in the α and β´ phases, respectively. In this work, we utilise angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to directly measure the electronic bandstructure of β´-In2Se3, and compare to hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In agreement with DFT, we find the band structure is highly two-dimensional, with negligible dispersion along the c-axis. Due to n-type doping we are able to observe the conduction band minima, and directly measure the minimum indirect (0.99 eV) and direct (1.53 eV) bandgaps. We find the Fermi surface in the conduction band is characterized by anisotropic electron pockets with sharp in-plane dispersion about the M ̅ points, yielding effective masses of 0.21 m0 along KM ̅̅̅̅̅ and 0.33 m0 along ΓM ̅̅̅̅ . The measured band structure is well supported by hybrid density functional theory calculations. The highly two-dimensional (2D) bandstructure with moderate bandgap and small effective mass suggest that β´-In2Se3 is a potentially useful new van der Waals semiconductor. This together with its ferroelectricity makes it a viable material for highmobility ferroelectric-photovoltaic devices, with applications in non-volatile memory switching and renewable energy technologies.

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MATERIALS & METHODSThree sweet corn (Zea muys L) genotypes, one cultivar each, were tested for sugar and soluble solids changes at 6°C for 5 days. Genotypes and cultivars were sugary (su), 'Silver Queen'; sugary enhanced (se), 'Incredible' and super sweet (sh 2), 'How Sweet It Is.' Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, total sugars and "Brix were measured. Sucrose predominated. Generally, "Brix, fructose, glucose and sucrose decreased and maltose increased. sh 2 had lowest "Brix and highest sucrose and total sugars, and su had highest "Brix and lowest sucrose and total sugars. su consisted of 3.8% total sugars (DWB); se, 7.2% and sh 2, 10.9%. Overall correlation coefficient between "Brix and total sugars was -0.99. Sweet cornWe measured "Brix, fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and total sugars in sweet corn (Zea muys L) kernels of three genotypes with one cultivar each. They were super sweet (sh 2), 'How Sweet It Is'; sugary (su), 'Silver Qieen', and sugary e&an&d (se), 'Incredible.'Researchers mew SC at Plant Science Field Laboratorv Knoxville. TN) and Plateau Experiment Station (Crossville, TN), i&g standard cultural and isolation practices. We harvested ears at milk stage during early morning and hydrocooled them in ice water to a cob temperature of 6°C.We placed 30 ears of SC from each genotype/location in waxcovered cardboard boxes to maintain high relative humidity and held them 5 days at 6°C. Five ears were selected daily from each lot and tested. Workers removed husks and silks, and for sugar analysis they cut and mixed together kernels from the mid-section of ears.