Using instrumental neutron activation analyses and photon-induced x-ray emission techniques for analysis of size-fractionated atmospheric and combustion aerosols and other emission samples arising from fluidized-bed combustion of North Bohemian lignites up to 42 elements were determined in all samples types. This allowed the evaluation of element enrichment, time trends, and inter-element correlations and the performance of factor analysis of various fractions of atmospheric aerosols. The data obtained on mass and element size distributions of aerosols and emission samples obtained upon lignite combustion in an experimental scale atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor without and with added hydrated lime and limestone were used to elucidate the mechanism of abatement of toxic trace and matrix elements from flue gas.
Crystal size and their distribution were measured in the crystallizer with gas-permeable walls, at crystallization of benzoic acid vapours from the bulk of vapour phase in the mixture with nitrogen in dependence on concentration (in range from 1.1 to 23 vol.%), temperature (401 to 473 K) and velocity of mixture (0.5 to 6.6 cm/s). At small cooling rate of the mixture the vapours of benzoic acid are condensing in the form of droplets which at continuing cooling solidify. At cooling of the mixture by water dispersion create the needle-shaped crystals. The effect of concentration, temperature and velocity is not profound obviously because by evaporation of water is the mixture rapidly cooled and supersaturated. This results in creation of a large amount of crystal nuclei and thus also of small crystals.
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