Configural frequency analysis (CFA) is a new method for identifying types. Types are defined as patterns (configurations) of binary variables occurring more frequently than may be expected under the assumption of complete independence of the respective variables, and are tested for significance by multiple binomial tests or suitable approximations. CFA is illustrated numerically by an example. Relations to latent class analysis and to factor analysis are discussed. It is suggested to use CFA as a type-defining method instead of factor analysis if the variables are linked to each other not only by first but also by higher-order associations.

Abstract:We generate over half a watt of tunable near-IR (1380-1830 nm) and several hundred milliwatts in the mid-IR (2.4-4.2 µm) as well as milliwatt level mid-IR (4.85-9.33 µm) femtosecond radiation by pumping an optical parametric amplifier directly with a 7.4 W Yb:KGW oscillator at 41.7 MHz repetition rate. We use 5 mm PPLN and 2 mm GaSe as downconversion crystals and seed this process by a supercontinuum from a tapered fiber. The system is extremely simple and very stable and could replace more complex OPOs as tunable light sources. repetition rate tunable femtosecond pulses and broadband amplification from fiber laser pumped parametric amplifier," Opt. Express 14(11), 4765-4773 (2006). 12. C. Schriever, S. Lochbrunner, P. Krok, and E. Riedle, "Tunable pulses from below 300 to 970 nm with durations down to 14 fs based on a 2 MHz ytterbium-doped fiber system," Opt. Lett. 33(2), 192-194 (2008). Chu, "Broadband tunable optical parametric amplification from a single 50 MHz ultrafast fiber laser," Opt.

Cardiovascular side effects requiring treatment occurred at any time during spinal anesthesia in our placebo-controlled study, regardless of the prophylactic regimen (fluid infusions versus dihydroergotamine).

In Evans (1977) an experiment of Evans and Lynch (1973) based on Wason's selection task is re-analysed. We reformulated the model proposed by Evans as a state model and extended it to a new model by means of which the data of Evans and Lynch (1973), of Manktelow and Evans (1979), and of our own experiments can be explained. The new model is based on a falsification state, a verification state and a matching state.

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Chiral plasmonic metasurfaces are intriguing platforms to achieve large nonlinear chiroptical effects, which could be desirable for sensitive chiral molecular analysis. The combination of a superlinear response with high plasmonic nearfield enhancement leads to large nonlinear optical activity, which can be much stronger than its linear counterpart. A complex mixture of multiresonances, structural symmetry, and anisotropy in 3D chiral plasmonic nanostructures as well as experimental configurations has up to now hampered understanding of the underlying physics and quantitative modeling of the relevant nonlinear chiroptical effects. Here we study third-harmonic circular dichroism of archetypical Born-Kuhn type bilayer chiral metasurfaces made of corner-stacked orthogonal gold nanorods arranged in C 4 symmetry, which avoids most of the aforementioned issues. With a coupled anharmonic oscillator model built upon chirally coupled electric dipole moments, we are able to retrieve the nonlinear chiroptical response of such chiral nanostructures. The comparison of nonlinear spectroscopic measurements with our model as well as nonlinear simulations enables interpretation of the large nonlinear circular dichroism. Our research might pave the way toward flexible control over nonlinear susceptibility tensors of artificial chiral meta-molecules at will and could allow for highly sensitive nonlinear chiral sensing.

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The tuberomammillary nucleus (TM), located in the posterior hypothalamic region, consists of five subgroups and is the only known source of brain histamine. In the present experiment, rats received bilateral ibotenic acid or sham lesions in the rostroventral part of the TM (E2-region). Three weeks later they were tested on the elevated plus-maze test of fear and anxiety. Lesions in the tuberomammillary E2-region elevated the time spent on the open arms, as well as excursions into the end of the open arms, increased scanning over the edge of an open arm, and decreased risk-assessment from an enclosed arm. Thus, partial destruction of TM intrinsic neurons can induce anxiolytic-like effects which are possibly related to a lesion-induced reduction of histaminergic activity.