The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant status (ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]; superoxide dismutase [SOD]; glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]; selenium [Se]; vitamin E) in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. The mean MDA concentration was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the cows 3, 6, and 9 weeks after calving. The lowest mean FRAP value was found in the cows 3 weeks after parturition. The SOD activities were increased during the whole monitored time (ANOVA, P < 0.001). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease of GSH-Px activities was recorded in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the weeks 6 and 9 after calving. Statistical multiple comparison test showed no significant changes in Se between the examined groups. The lowest mean vitamin E concentration was found in the first week after parturition. Significantly positive correlations (P < 0.05) were recorded between Se and vitamin E (r = 0.897), SOD and GSH-Px (r = 0.903), while Se and GSH-Px had no significantly positive correlation (r = 0.520). Significant changes between MDA and indicators of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamin E) confirm that during parturition and onset of lactation, oxidative stress occurs in dairy cows. Exposure of peripartal cows to oxidative stress may cause an increased incidence of metabolic diseases.
The objective of the present study was to compare the concentrations of acute phase proteins and selected variables of protein metabolism in dairy cows of the Slovak Spotted breed from 4 weeks before parturition to 10 weeks after parturition. Acute phase proteins -haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) -and variables of protein metabolism -total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, total immunoglobulins -were evaluated in blood serum. Significant differences were found in average values of the Hp and SAA concentrations in several groups during the monitored period (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The Hp and SAA concentrations in cows during the early postparturient period were significantly higher compared with the later postparturient period. Throughout the monitored time we found differences in mean values of total proteins (P < 0.001), urea (P < 0.001), and total immunoglobulins (P < 0.05). The concentrations of albumin decreased progressively in the postparturient period until 4 weeks after parturition. In the assessment of correlations between the monitored variables in the mentioned period we found significant correlations between Hp and SAA (r = 0.916; P < 0.001), total proteins and urea (r = 0.668; P < 0.05), total proteins and total immunoglobulins (r = 0.827; P < 0.01), and between total immunoglobulins and urea (r = 0.899; P < 0.001). The above mentioned results indicate that in the time around parturition there are significant changes in concentrations of acute phase proteins, as well as in the whole protein metabolism of dairy cows. These facts suggest that the postparturient period is a critical biological phase, throughout which there is the highest incidence of metabolic disorders.Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, periparturient period, protein profile
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of selected indicators of energy, hormonal profile, body condition score (BCS) and their relationships in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied Cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after. Significant differences were found in the mean values of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (P < 0.05). According to BCS results, the dry cows were overweight (4.42 ± 0.75 points). After calving the cows lost weight significantly, as the BCS was 3.25 ± 0.30 points at 9 weeks post partum (P < 0.001). The highest concentration of leptin was recorded before calving (26.80 ± 11.47 ng/ml). The concentrations of insulin and ghrelin did not change significantly (an increase in insulin concentrations from 580.8 ± 66.30 IU/ml to 625.50 ± 174.90 IU/ml and a decrease in ghrelin concentrations from 29.25 ± 4.82 pg/ml to 26.57 ± 5.35 pg/ml were found comparing 3 weeks to 1 week before parturition, respectively). Relationships between the hormones showed positive correlation between insulin and leptin (r = 0.220, P < 0.05), BCS and leptin (r = 0.360, P < 0.001), BCS and insulin (r = 0.232, P < 0.05) and negative correlation between leptin and ghrelin (r = -0.235, P < 0.05), BCS and ghrelin (r = -0.257, P < 0.05). These data provide evidence that the variations in the concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, and insulin are related to variations in the BCS. Negative correlation between leptin and ghrelin contributes to the argument that leptin negatively regulates ghrelin.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of selected acute phase proteins -haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and selected variables of energy metabolism in blood serum of dairy cows during different stages of the pre-and postpartal period. The analyses were performed in dairy cows of the Slovak spotted breed and its crossbreeds (n = 57). The cows were divided into 9 groups according to the evaluated part of reproduction cycle -from 4 weeks before parturition to 10 weeks after parturition. Significant differences were found in mean Hp and SAA concentrations during the monitored period (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Cows during the early postparturient period had significantly higher Hp and SAA concentrations compared to cows in later postparturient period (P < 0.05). Significant differences throughout the period under study was found also in means of total cholesterol (P < 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.001), and non-esterified fatty acids (P < 0.001). Concentrations of Hp during this period were positively correlated with SAA (R = 0.919; P < 0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were found between Hp and non-esterified fatty acids, Hp and β-hydroxybutyrate, as well as between SAA and non-esterified fatty acids. Our results indicate that the acute phase response occurs in cows around parturition, and suggest that there are relationships between mediators of immune response and several indices of energy metabolism. Our results also suggest that in cows with higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, indicating a certain degree of lipid mobilisation, higher values of acute phase proteins may be found. Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, energy balance, cows, periparturient period
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