The initial presentation of this rare clinical entity creates difficulties in reaching a correct diagnosis. A presumed acanthamoeba keratitis is the first choice among many similar conditions. Thus abuse of topical ocular anesthetic drops should be included in the differential diagnosis of cases of chronic keratitis as it may masquerade as acanthamoeba keratitis. A current or past history of psychiatric and mental disorders or psychoactive substance abuse is important in the diagnosis. Functional and anatomical results after appropriate treatment are usually poor. Psychiatric counselling is extremely helpful and is in fact mandatory in the management of these patients.
Lodoxamide 0.1% and levocabastine 0.05% eye drops, instilled four times daily for three months, were effective, safe and well tolerated by patients with VKC, but lodoxamide was significantly superior to levocabastine.
ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate contrast sensitivity function in patients with beta-thalassemia major, after regular transfusion and chelation therapy. Methods: We measured contrast sensitivity at four spatial frequencies in 30 patients with beta-thalassemia major and in 30 matched normal control subjects. All subjects underwent an ophthalmic examination that included fluorescein angiography. The contrast sensitivity results from the two groups were compared between them. Patients' contrast sensitivity values were correlated to the variables age, duration of transfusion, duration of chelation therapy and serum ferritin levels, to select the important predictors. Results: Contrast sensitivity function in all beta-thalassemic patients was significantly lower (p∞0.0001) compared to the normal control subjects, for all spatial frequencies tested. The most important predictor of contrast sensitivity loss was patients' age. Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity testing can detect early changes in the visual function of beta-thalassemic patients and should be considered as a monitor for patients under chronic transfusion-chelation therapy.
These hospital-based data suggest that there is a need for health education of both parents and children, since some injuries in children could easily have been prevented.
SUMMARY From a study of a large number of brothers and sisters suffering from concomitant squint, the following data were obtained: (1) 42-9 % of the patients showed congenital strabismus.(2) In 96 5 % of the sibs strabismus was of the same type. (3) The presence of a significant refractive error occurred in 82-8 % of the patients. (4) In all twins strabismus appeared at the same age in both twins, and the squint and the refractive error were of the same type. (5) The distance of the patients' homes from Athens had no effect on either (a) the time intervening between the onset of squint and the first visit to the eye specialist, or (b) the effectiveness of treatment.Investigations to determine the genetic element in strabismus and the type of heredity involved have been the subject of numerous studies (Frangois, 1961;Richter, 1967), although no definite conclusions have so far been reached. The present study does not aspire to offer a solution to this complex question and confines itself to an examination of familial cases of squint with the purpose of extracting data concerning: (1) The age of onset of squint; (2) the type of squint; (3) the frequency of the existence of a significant refractive error; (4) the incidence of amblyopia; and (5) the geographical distribution of squint in relation to the place of residence and its influence on (a) the period of time intervening between the onset of strabismus and the first ophthalmic consultation, and (b) the efficacy of the treatment. Material and methodOur material, drawn from the archives of the Orthoptic Department, which contains about 12 000 patients, consists of 170 families containing 345 affected first degree relatives (brothers and sisters) who came under the observation of the Athens University Eye Clinic in the course of the last eight years. Cases of paretic strabismus or neurological syndromes were excluded from our study.Information obtained from relatives suggested that the incidence of a family history of squint was 55 %. As we did not consider these data absolutely Part of this paper was presented at the meeting of the International Geographical Society in Edinburgh, 1975. Address for reprints: Dr E. Chimonidou, National Ophthalmological Center of Athens, 170 Messogion Avenue, Cholargos, Athens, Greece. reliable, we have included in our group of patients only those that were under observation and treatment for strabismus for a considerable length of time. Our patients included five pairs of twins (10 persons), one pair being uniovular.The patients were subjected to examination for the following data: (1) Personal and family history; (2) visual acuity, and refractive error determined after the instillation of atropine for 3 days; (3) type and angle of squint; (4) state of binocular vision; (5) fundus of the eye and type of fixation; and (6) place of residence.Furthermore, patients were treated appropriately in each instance by: (1) Prescription of glasses; (2) occlusion; (3) orthoptic treatment; (4) surgical treatment. Results AGE OF ONSET OF S...
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