We suggest a novel method for injection of electrons into the acceleration phase of particle accelerators, producing low emittance beams appropriate even for the demanding high energy Linear Collider specifications. In this paper we work out the injection into the acceleration phase of the wake field in a plasma behind a high intensity laser pulse, taking advantage of the laser polarization and focusing. With the aid of catastrophe theory we categorize the injection dynamics. The scheme uses the structurally stable regime of transverse wake wave breaking, when electron trajectory self-intersection leads to the formation of a flat electron bunch. As shown in threedimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the interaction of a laser pulse in a linefocus with an underdense plasma, the electrons, injected via the transverse wake wave breaking and accelerated by the wake wave, perform betatron oscillations with different amplitudes and frequencies along the two transverse coordinates. The polarization and focusing geometry lead to a way to produce relativistic electron bunches with asymmetric emittance (flat beam). An approach for generating flat laser accelerated ion beams is briefly discussed. † Also at A. M. Prokhorov
An algorithm is developed to study particle dynamics of beams including collective interaction with high accuracy and low noise. Particle dynamics with collective interactions is treated through particle simulation, where the main or average distribution f0 and the deviation away from it 6f are separately followed. The main distribution f0 is handled by an analytic equilibrium solution and the perturbation away from it _f is followed by the method of characteristics. We call this the _f algorithm. We specifically model a synchrotron collider which includes the coUsion section where collective effects of collisions are simulated by this _f algorithm and the rest of the collider where single particle dynamics are treated by simple harmonic transport.The most important target of this simulation is to understand and predict the long-time (10 s-109 rotations) behavior of the beam luminosity and lifetime. The _f method allows the study the effect of small perturbations over long timescales on beam lifetime by eliminating the numerical noise problem inherent in Particle-in-CeU techniques. In the $/code using the reference parameters of the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider), beam blow-up near resonances and oscillations in the tune shift, Au, far from resonances are observed. In studying long timescale particle diffusion in the phase space of the beams away from resonances, the _f code performance is compared with a tracking code which does not incorporate collective interaction•
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