This paper explores the contact behaviour of simple fibrillar interfaces designed to mimic natural contact surfaces in lizards and insects. A simple model of bending and buckling of fibrils shows that such a structure can enhance compliance considerably. Contact experiments on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) fibrils confirm the model predictions. Although buckling increases compliance, it also reduces adhesion by breaking contact between fibril ends and the substrate. Also, while slender fibrils are preferred from the viewpoint of enhanced compliance, their lateral collapse under the action of surface forces limits the aspect ratio achievable. We have developed a quantitative model to understand this phenomenon, which is shown to be in good agreement with experiments.
On February 17 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift's X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.
Polyethylene-g-polystyrene (PE-g-PS) was synthesized as a compatibilizer for polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends by the living radical polymerization of styrene with polyethylene-co-glycidylmethacrylate (PEco-GMA). The compatibilizer effect of PE-g-PS on the morphology and thermal properties of PP/PS blends was investigated. The crystalline temperature of PP in PP/PS blends decreased with increasing PE-g-PS contents. Morphologies of PP/PE-g-PS/PS blends showed much better dispersion of each domain for higher PE-g-PS contents. The molecular weight of PS segment in PP/PEg-PS/PS blend was increased by addition of styrene monomer during the post melt blending process where post living radical polymerization reaction proceeded.PE-g-PS as a Compatibilizer for PP/PS Blends / 61 FIGURE 4. Microphotographs of PP/PS (70/30 wt/wt %) blends (a) without compatibilizer, (b) with 5 phr compatibilizer, and (c) with 10 phr compatibilizer, respectively.
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