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Supplementary to a previous investigation (Wallraff and N e u m a n n 1989), further experiments were conducted with h o m i n g pigeons that were either familiar o f unfamiliar with the release area, and that had or lacked olfactory access to environmental odours. All four possible pairwise combinations o f these factors were tested. The previous results were confirmed, showing that in an unfamiliar area olfactory inputs are necessary for home-related orientation, while in a familiar area both olfactory and non-olfactory information can be utilized and each is m o r e or less redundant as long as the other kind o f information is also available. The degree o f red u n d a n c y o f olfactory inputs varies, obviously depending on the pattern o f individual local experience.