Rectal bleeding in infants is generally a benign and self-limiting disorder. Bloody stools occurred irregularly for only a few days during the following months. As in a previous report, most infants were exclusively breastfed. In the majority of the patients the cause of the condition remains unknown. An association with viruses can be seen in some patients. The microbes that commonly lead to bloody diarrhea in older children and adults, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, were absent in the present material. The low bifidobacterial numbers in fecal samples may indicate a significant aberrance that may provide a target for probiotic intervention to normalize gut microbiota. The gut microbiota overall seemed stable, because the numbers of major groups of microbiota tested did not change significantly between the time of admission and after 1 month. Cow's milk allergy among these patients is more uncommon than previously believed. Cow's milk challenge is thus essential in infants who become symptom-free during a cow's milk-free diet to reduce the number of false-positive cow's milk-allergy diagnoses.
We tested the tissue reactions and mechanical strength of a novel biodegradable craniomaxillofacial plating system, Inion CPS, in the course of degradation. Plates and screws composed of L-lactide, D-lactide and trimethylene carbonate were implanted to the mandible and dorsal subcutis of 12 sheep. The animals were sacrificed at 6-156 weeks. Histological evaluation was done using paraffin and methylmetacrylate techniques. Degradative and mechanical properties during the follow-up were measured both of in vivo and in vitro implants. In light microscopy, the in vivo implant material began to fragment at 52 weeks and could not be detected at 104 weeks. No significant foreign body reactions were seen in the mandibles. The dorsal subcutis disclosed mild reactions, which were, however, not of clinical significance. The implants in vitro maintained their entire mass for 26 weeks and lost 63-80% of the mass by week 104. The inherent viscosity of the implants in vitro and in vivo diminished uniformly. The screws retained their shear strength for 12-16 weeks. The plates maintained their tensile strength for at least 6 weeks. The maximum capacity of the plates in 3-point bending tests diminished gradually by 87% in 26 weeks. In conclusion, the plates and screws examined maintain adequate strength for the healing period of a bone fracture or osteotomy, producing no harmful foreign body reactions.
Background and Aim: Operative treatment is often indicated in unstable pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures. Recently minimally invasive reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nailing have been of increasing interest, instead of open reduction and internal fixation with plates. There are several disadvantages of metallic intramedullary implants, such as soft-tissue irritation and a risk of disturbing later imaging. Thus, they are generally removed in later operations. we aimed to develop a new technique to stabilize pediatric forearm fractures by the bioabsorbable intramedullary nailing.Material and Methods: we developed a new, two-stage mini-invasive surgical technique to stabilize the unstable diaphyseal fractures in children. The procedure is bioabsorbable elastic stable intramedullary nailing. ultra-high-strength bioabsorbable intramedullary nails of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were manufactured for our purpose. The material has been widely proven to be biocompatible and stable enough for fracture treatment as screws and pins. we have used the new technique in the unstable both-bone diaphyseal forearm fractures in children between the ages of 5 and 15 years. we report the technique and our clinical experience in the series of those three cases that have been followed up for at least 12 months. The present series has been randomized for the procedure instead for titanium elastic stable intramedullary nailing, and the series represents a part of ongoing randomized trial.
survivors after repair of RAAA had almost the same QoL as the norms of an age- and sex-adjusted general population, justifies an aggressive operative policy in RAAA.
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