This strategy plan describes a coupled analytical/experimental approach to develop a multi-functionalscarifier end effector coupled with a pneumatic conveyance system to retrieve wastes from underground storage tanks. The scarifier uses ultra-high-pressure water jets to rubblize and entrain waste " forms such as salt cake, sludge, and viscous liquid that can be transported pneumatically. The three waste types (hard, brittle, salt cake, viscous liquid, and deformable sludge) present increasinglycomplex challenges for scarification and pneumatic conveyance. Salt cake is anticipatedto be the easiest to retrieve because I) a theoretical model of hydraulic rock fracture can be applied to estimate jet performance to fracture salt cake, 2) gas-solids transport correlationscan be used to predict pneumatic transport. Deformable sludge is anticipated to be the most difficult to retrieve: no theories, correlations,or data exist to predict this performance. However order-of-magnitudegas-solid correlationsindicate particulatewastes of prototypic density can be transported to a height of 20 m within allowable pressure limits provided that the volume fraction of the gaseous phase is kept above 95%. Viscous liquid is anticipatedto be of intermediatecomplexity to retrieve. Phenomena that are expected to affect system performance are ranked. Experiments and analyses necessary to evaluate the effects of these phenomena are proposed. Subsequen,_ strategies for ,_,xperiment test plans, system deployment, and operation and control will need to be developed. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work described in this report was conducted for the Underground Storage Tank IntegratedDemonstration (UST-ID) for project sponsor M. K. Mahaffey of WestinghouseHanford Company. A major portion of the informationpresented in this strategy plan was 9 gathered during a 2-day workshop held at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Workshop participants includedWilliam J. Coleman and David O. Monserud from Quest Integrated,Inc. (Kent, Washington) and Dr. Clayton T. Crowe, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at WashingtonState University (Pullman, Washington). Quest Integrated,Inc. staff provided insight about how to develop and test the scarifier to define a configurationto remove salt cake, sludge, and viscous liquids such as those stored in single-shelltanks at Hanford. Dr. Crowe provided insight to the pneumatic conveyance application.
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