Poultry meat has been identified as one of the principal foodborne source of Salmonella. In this preliminary study the prevalence of Salmonella spp. contamination of broiler carcasses, were determined. Sixty samples were collected from poultry carcasses from the commercial broiler slaughtering facility in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu. The presence of Salmonella spp in collected samples was assessed by performing the pre-enrichment and enrichment culture, followed by PCR assay. The primers were selected from the invA gene specific for the detection of Salmonella spp. In this study 8.3% of poultry carcasses were found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. In order to provide a more accurate profile of the prevalence of Salmonella spp in broiler carcasses, it is pertinent to use inv A gene specific PCR method that could be considered as an appropriate alternative to conventional culture method.

Abstract:This review summarizesemergingand re-emergingmajor bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan causes of abortion in cattle. The clinical presentations of disease due to reproductive pathogens are emphasized, with afocus on assisting development of complete lists of major causes that result in abortion in cattle. Clinicians areencouraged to assess clinical presentation, create complete lists of differential diagnoses, obtain appropriate diagnostic samples, maximize diagnostic laboratory support, and avoid zoonotic infections resulting from reproductive pathogens of animals. Thefoundation of an accurate diagnosis of reproductive loss due to infectious pathogens facilitates the prudent use of immunization andbiosecurity to minimize reproductive losses.

A study was undertaken to assess the virulence of Marek's disease virus (MDV) serotype 1 field isolates obtained from poultry flocks of southern part of India. Five representative MDV serotype 1 strains were isolated from eighty-six blood samples collected from fifteen farms. Three out of five isolates which were free from avian leukosis virus (ALV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were adapted in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) culture and designated as Ind/TN/11/01, Ind/KA/12/02 and Ind/TN/12/03. Pathotyping assay was conducted in two trials. In the first trial, non-vaccinated chickens were challenged (trial I), while in second trial, two types of vaccinated chickens along with non-vaccinated controls were challenged (trial II). Birds inoculated with field isolate Ind/TN/12/03 had very low body (75.34±3.04 g 15 days post infection (dpi)) and bursa Fabricii weight (1.64±0.06 at 15 dpi) when compared to those inoculated with the other two isolates (Ind/TN/11/01 and Ind/KA/12/02) and uninoculated controls (body weight 111.33±1.30 g and bursa Fabricii weight 4.33±0.11 15 dpi). Incidence of early mortality syndrome (53%) and lymphoma (86%) induced by Ind/ TN/12/03 was comparable with very virulent strains published elsewhere. In protection test, the percentage of Marek's disease (MD) incidence induced by Ind/TN/12/03 was 57.5% and 25% in monovalent and bivalent vaccine inoculated birds respectively compared to uninoculated control (100%). Based on the above findings in pathotyping experimental trials with a supportive evidence of histopathological observations, isolate Ind/ TN/12/03 was considered as very virulent MDV and other two isolates were considered as virulent MDVs.

Aim : To find out the organisms causing endometritis in cattle and to determine their in vitro sensitivity to various antibiotics Materials and methods: Thirty uterine secretion samples, 9 from Holstein Friesian and 21 from Jersey cows were collected in and around Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu from clinical cases of endometritis. The bacteria isolated both aerobically and anaerobically from endometritis showed the characteristic colony, were gram stained and confirmed by standard biochemical tests. The invitro antibiotic sensitivity test with different antibiotic discs were carried out. Results and Discussion: Out of 30 samples, 25 contained different strains of bacteria and 5 were found bacteriologically sterile. Different species of bacteria isolated from these samples were, Escherichia coli (36.66%), Klebsiella spp (30%), Proteus spp (13.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.66%), Clostridium spp (3.33%). The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that the highest number of isolates (64%) were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, followed by Gentamicin, Enrofloxacin and Chlortetracycline (32%). Chloramphenicol showed sensitivity in minimum number (8%) of isolates. Conclusion : This study revealed that the bacteria E.coli and Klebisella spp are more commonly isolated in endometritis in cows and the drug Ceftriaxone is highly effective. [Vet World 2013; 6(2.000): 100-102

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