In this paper, the results of plastometric and material studies on grade 2 titanium are presented. Cylindrical titanium samples were compressed at elevated temperatures on a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. The process was captured in the form of stress-strain diagrams. Then, for the chosen-deformed samples, structural studies were performed on a digital light microscope. On the basis of the results, it was possible to determine the plastometric processing conditions that are most suitable for the fragmentation of the grains of the tested titanium. In order to find optimal processing parameters, it was also important to describe the plastometric process through the appropriate constitutive equations. Material constants in this equation were determined on the basis of a hyperbolic sinusoidal equation. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Titanium.

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In the biomedicine, titanium with the refined grain is of great demand. The microstructure of the Grade 2 titanium samples was produced by the plastic forming at elevated temperatures and with different strain rates. Sellers–Tegartt equation was applied to verify that plastic forming stresses required to achieve the desired structure. Microstructure was observed with scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. To characterise the elements of the structure, the electron backscatter diffraction was used. Grains were fragmented mostly with a twinning mechanism. Observations of strain–stress graphs obtained during the deformation indicate that the equilibrium between flow stress and loaded strain was achieved after the processes of dynamic polygonisation and/or recrystallisation.