The equilibrium phase diagrams of Cu–Cr, Cu–Mo, and Cu–W show no measurable solid solubility except for a small solubility of Cr in solid Cu at higher temperatures. Even in the liquid state, the mutual solubilities in these systems are very limited. Simultaneous vapor deposition of elements on unheated substrates was used to produce alloy films covering the complete composition range of those three binary alloy systems. The films were characterized with the help of x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. In fcc Cu films, at least 10 at.% Cr, Mo, or W may be dissolved, whereas the bcc Cr, Mo, or W alloy films may accommodate at least 40 at.% Cu; the fcc and bcc solid solutions are separated by narrow two-phase fields. We further measured the composition dependence of the internal stress and of the electrical resistivity. Discontinuities in the measured curves generally coincide with the presence of phase boundaries in the (metastable) alloy films.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.