RESUMO:Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da tecnologia de aplicação aérea e terrestre de fitossanitários na deposição de calda, na cultura da soja. Avaliou-se, após a aplicação de um traçador, a deposição nas partes inferior e superior do dossel da cultura, por meio de espectrofotometria. O ensaio foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e oito tratamentos (formas de aplicação): 1 -Terrestre (Ponta de jato PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tecnologia de aplicação, aviação agrícola, pulverização, Glycine max. SPRAY DEPOSITION ON SOYBEAN CROP IN AERIAL AND GROUND APPLICATIONABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerial and ground application technology in spray deposition on soybean crop. It was evaluated the spray deposition on the bottom and the top of the plant canopy, after application of a tracer, by spectrophotometric technique. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments (application technologies): 1 -Ground (Hollow cone nozzle-TXA 8002 and 180 L ha . The droplet spectra were also evaluated. It was concluded that ground application with hollow cone nozzle and aerial with rotary atomizers (40 L ha -1 ) were the most effective in promoting the droplet penetration into soybean canopy, although their droplet spectra were more susceptible to drift. The aerial application was technically feasible in spray deposition, compared to ground treatments.
-The use of water-sensitive papers is an important tool for assessing the quality of pesticide application on crops, but manual analysis is laborious and time-consuming. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the results obtained from four software programs for spray droplet analysis in different scanned images of water-sensitive papers. After spraying, papers with four droplet deposition patterns (varying droplet spectra and densities) were analyzed manually and by means of the following computer programs: CIR, eSprinkle, DepositScan and Conta-Gotas. The diameter of the volume and number medians and the number of droplets per target area were studied. There is a strong correlation between the values measured using the different programs and the manual analysis, but there is a great difference between the numerical values measured for the same paper. Thus, it is not advisable to compare results obtained from different programs.Keywords: spray quality, pesticides, sprayer, droplet size, application technology.RESUMO -A utilização de papéis hidrossensíveis é uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a qualidade da aplicação de produtos fitossanitários nas lavouras, porém sua leitura manual é trabalhosa e morosa. Dessa forma, com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar e comparar os resultados de quatro programas computacionais de análise de gotas em diferentes imagens digitalizadas de papéis hidrossensíveis. Após a pulverização, papéis com quatro padrões de deposição, variando densidade e tamanho de gotas pulverizadas, foram analisados manualmente e por meio dos programas computacionais: CIR, e-Sprinkle, DepositScan e Conta-Gotas. Foram estudados o diâmetro da mediana volumétrica e numérica e o número de gotas por centímetro quadrado. Existe forte correlação entre os valores medidos com o uso dos diferentes programas e a análise manual, porém há grande diferença entre os valores numéricos para um mesmo papel, motivo pelo qual não é recomendável comparar resultados obtidos com diferentes programas.Palavras-chave: qualidade de pulverização, produtos fitossanitários, pulverizador, tamanho de gota, tecnologia de aplicação.
RESUMENSe realizaron dos ensayos para evaluar la eficiencia de deposición y el control de insectos con diferentes métodos de aplicación en el cultivo de soja en Uruguay. En el primer ensayo se estudió el efecto del tamaño de gotas, velocidad de aplicación y horario de aplicación en el control de epinotia (Epinotia aporema W.) El segundo ensayo se dedicó al efecto del tamaño de gotas y la velocidad de aplicación en el control de chinches (Nezara viridula L. y Piezodorus guildinii W.). Se evaluó la distribución de un trazador fluorescente y conteo sobre el follaje. La densidad de impactos fue mayor con gotas finas y medias que con gotas muy gruesas en el haz en ambos estratos, en el envés la densidad de impactos fue similar entre tamaños de gota. En el estrato medio el aumento de la velocidad produjo disminución de la densidad de impactos. En ese estrato, los impactos en el envés fueron muy escasos. El control de epinotia y chinches fue mayor en las parcelas tratadas que en el testigo sin tratar, sin embargo, los diferentes tamaños de gota, velocidad y horario de aplicación tuvieron un control similar. Se destaca la conveniencia de utilización de gotas muy gruesas y medias en el control de insectos en soja por su eficacia y potencial de disminución de la deriva.Palabras-claves: chinches, lagartas, tamaño de gota, velocidad de aplicación Application of terrestrial technology for control of insects in soybean crop ABSTRACT Two trials were conducted for efficiency of spray-deposit distribution and for insect control in soybean crop in Uruguay. In the first one the effects of droplet size, volume application rate and application time in the control of bean shoot borer (Epinotia aporema W.) were evaluated. The second trial consisted in evaluating the effects of droplet size and application speed in the control of shield bugs (Nezara viridula L. and Piezodorus guildinii W.). Distribution of a fluorescent dye was evaluated by counting impact on the foliage in the middle and upper canopy. Impact density was higher with fine and medium compared to very coarse droplets on the upper side of the leaves in both trials, but on the inner side, impact density was similar among the three evaluated droplet sizes. Increasing application speed decreased impact density, particularly at the middle height of the foliage. At this height, impact on the underside of leaves was extremely low. Insect control was higher in treated than untreated plots, however, different droplet size, speed and application time resulted in similar control. The results emphasize convenience of very large and medium droplets in the control of insects in soybean due to its efficacy and drift potential reduction.
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