Migration of reactant solutions during finishing results in a poor balance between crease recovery and abrasion resistance. A staining technique is developed that enables migration to be traced. For a number of differently-pretreated fabrics, containing increasing amounts of reactant, the relations between the reactant content, the amount of dyestuff, and the color depth were established.
The effect of scouring and drying on the wettability of cotton fabric is examined. The phenomenon of hydrophilicity is mainly determined by the competitive effects of spreading among the fibers and absorption in the fibers. Special attention is paid to the influence of surface active agents. A number of tests covering both aspects of the wetting process are discussed.
The unfavorable effect of reactant migration in padded cotton fabrics during.drying on the balance of crease recovery and abrasion weight loss was confirmed once more. The influence of fabric type and pretreatments such as scouring and bleaching was studied. With the aid of a low add-on method making use of an engraved roller it can be shown that if the add-on is kept under a level of 30-40%, migration is largely prevented. Consequently, the balance of properties approaches that of a fabric with a uniform reactant distribution. The effect of the surface-active agents in low add-on methods was studied. The interaction between pretreatment and amount of surface active agent applied is clearly illustrated.
The effect of a homogeneous pretreatment of cotton fiber on the properties of fabrics was studied. Homogeneous mercerization was approached by roving mercerization, while an equable resin distribution was achieved by using low add-on techniques. Regular mercerization leads to an improved load at break and tearing strength of the finished fabric. A smooth distribution of resin results in a favorable balance between crease recovery and abrasion behavior.
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