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Diabetes-induced CVD is the most significant complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol, a polyphenol antioxidant compound, when administered at a dose that can be reasonably obtained through supplementation could prevent the development of cardiovascular complications in older, obese, diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 6-month old, obese, male Wistar rats via a single intravenous dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Randomly selected animals were administered resveratrol (2 mg/kg) via oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. Body weights, blood glucose levels, food intake and water consumption were monitored, and assessments of vascular reactivity, tactile allodynia and left ventricular function were performed. Resveratrol therapy significantly improved tactile allodynia and vascular contractile functionality in diabetic rats (P < 0·05). There were no significant changes in standardised vasorelaxation responses, plasma glucose concentrations, water consumption, body weight, left ventricular hypertrophy, kidney hypertrophy, heart rate or left ventricular compliance with resveratrol administration. Resveratrol-mediated improvements in vascular and nerve function in old, obese, diabetic rats were associated with its reported antioxidant effects. Resveratrol did not improve cardiac function nor mitigate the classic clinical symptoms of diabetes mellitus (i.e. hyperglycaemia, polydypsia and a failure to thrive). This suggests that supplementation with resveratrol at a dose achievable with commercially available supplements would not produce significant cardioprotective effects in people with diabetes mellitus.

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Elucidating the risk factors associated with the onset of statin-associated adverse muscle symptoms (SAMS) is critical for maintaining patient compliance with these pharmaceuticals and improving cardiovascular outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between statin lipophilicity, or dose, and the frequency of adverse muscle side-effects reported in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from 134 RCTs with data on adverse muscle events in statin-and placebo-treated populations were pooled using a randomeffects meta-analysis. While significant, statin therapy had a limited effect on the risk of developing adverse muscle symptoms compared to placebo (RR = 1.032; 95% CI = 1.010 to 1.056; p = 0.005; I 2 = 0.00). A subgroup analysis indicated that lipophilic statins had a greater association with SAMS compared to hydrophilic formulations, but again the magnitude of this effect was minimal (RR = 1.080; 95% CI = 1.026 to 1.137; p = 0.003). There was also no significant relationship between statin dose and the risk of skeletal muscle problems. The results of this meta-analysis reflect the high prevalence of adverse muscle symptoms in placebo-treated groups and inability of RCTs to detect low-frequency adverse side effects such as SAMS. Accordingly, an objective and standardised tool for assessing statin-associated muscle symptoms would be useful for improving the detection of SAMS in RCTs and the clinical setting. In turn, such assessments may assist practitioners in ensuring patients' maintain compliance with these pharmaceuticals and thus obtain their full cardiovascular benefits.http://dx. Background:The American Heart Association has concluded that NOACs are superior as anticoagulants. However, up to 50% of new onset atrial fibrillation are still commenced on warfarin. The fear of bleeds and lack of an antidote appear to be a key reason. Four recent trials comparing NOACs to warfarin provide the opportunity to compare the rates of bleeding and outcomes.

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Background: Management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who have PCI is difficult. To prevent thromboembolic events (TEE), Triple Therapy (oral anticoagulation [OAC]+Dual Antiplatelet Therapy [DAPT]) is gold standard but confers a high bleeding risk. Method: Using the Coronary Angiogram Database of South Australia (CADOSA), 205 AF patients undergoing PCI in 2015-16 were identified. One-year outcomes were compared between patients prescribed (1) Dual Therapy (OAC+1 antiplatelet), or (2) DAPT at discharge against Triple Therapy (OAC+DAPT). The primary endpoint was bleeding (as per International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) and the secondary endpoint was TEE (MI, stroke and systemicembolism). Results: At discharge, 60% of patients were prescribed DAPT (72 ± 11 yrs, 30% female), 32% Triple Therapy (76 ± 10 yrs, 29% female) and 8% Dual Therapy (76 ± 18 yrs, 24% female).