Langmuir double probe and Thomson scattering measurements of density and temperature were made on a plasma with a view to estimating the reliability of probe measurements. The plasma used was the afterglow of a small θ-pinch plasma for which density and temperature were of the order of 1015 cm−3 and 1 eV, respectively. There was close agreement between probe measurement and scattering measurement of the electron temperature while the density as measured by the probe was lower by a factor of about 4 as compared to the scattering measurement.
Twisted mass lattice QCD (tmQCD), generalised to four Wilson quark flavours, can be used for the computation of some weak matrix elements related to ∆I = 1/2 transitions. Besides eliminating unphysical zero modes, tmQCD may alleviate the fourquark operator renormalisation problems encountered in the calculation of CP-conserving K → π matrix elements with traditional Wilson fermion regularisation. With an active charm quark, the renormalisation of the K → π matrix elements requires at most the subtraction of a linearly divergent counterterm. Furthermore, in the (partially) quenched approximation the twist angles can be chosen so that only a finite counterterm needs to be subtracted.
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