AbstructA formal approach is presented of ordering the time scales of the dominant fluxes of material in an estuary and then accordingly choosing the spatial and temporal resolution of the sampling program. In this way bounds can be derived for the internal turnover times, boundary exchange rates, and import or export fluxes of a particular substance purely from measurements of the standing stock values in the estuary water. Application of this methodology to an experiment in the Duplin River, Georgia, showed that if the effects of the water motion and mixing are extracted from the variation of a biological component, then the variability of the residual can be successfully interpreted. For a typical summer condition it was shown that ammonium was cycled rapidly within the marsh water, its distribution was very patchy, and only its decomposition products left the marsh; that the refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC) component was steadily exported by longitudinal mixing while labile DOC was rapidly recycled in the water; that silicate was produced in large amounts in the marsh and exported by longitudinal mixing; that particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were almost completely determined by the turbulence intensity in the water; and that compared to this internal cycling, export was of minor significance.bution 398 of the University of Georgia Marine Institute.

The Swan River is a south-westem Australian estuary that undergoes a distinct seasonal stratification cycle. Motivated by the increasing nutrient loading of the estuarine system, an intensive investigation into the hydrodynamics was performed with the aim of understanding the physical processes responsible for transport within the estuary. The seasonal variability of the stratification was documented with regular conductivity-temperature-depth-dissolved oxygen transects that were used to piece together an overview of the dynamics. The estuarine dynamics were classified into a gravitational overflow produced by the winter rains, a salt wedge condition governed by both discharge and topographic constraints, tidal dynamics that influence the degree of flushing, and the roles of two sills that control fluid exchange between the estuary and the ocean and control the propagation of the salt wedge and the gravitational overflow.

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