This paper describes a new Haptic & Audio VirtualEnvironment to allow visually impairedpeaple to have access to the three-dimensional graphic computer world through the sense of touch (using a new dualfinger haptic inregace) and augmented by audio output and voice commands. Such system has been developed within the European project "GRAB".The new system provides an infegratedplatform for the design and developmenf of audio-haptic applications in different fields (architecture, art, aeronautics, medicine,..). In order to demonstrate the validig of the approach, the project was specifically focused on the development of three applications fir visual impairedpeaple: an adventure game, a city map explorer anda chart explorer.Both the n t w environment and the applications were tested by visually impaired people with dfferenf profiles (congenitally blind. advantageously blind, partially sighte d,..) to evaluate the usejhess and potential of these developments. The results of this validation confirm the validity of the system. Overall, it seems the GRAB system is feasible for these kinds of applications. although some features require some adjustments to create future usable tools.
An intensive research work was carried out in the frame of a RFCS (Research Found for Coal and Steel) project, to investigate the influence of different deep cryogenic treatments (DCT) on hardness, strength, toughness and wear resistance of AISI M2. Short and a long classical DCT, providing the soaking at temperature close to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) for 6 h and 20 h, respectively, were carried out prior to and after tempering. Furthermore, a third short DC route, providing temperature cycling between RT and low temperature was also considered. Care was taken to avoid stabilization of retained austenite or self tempering due to wait at room temperature prior to DCT and/or tempering. All treatments were calibrated to get 840 HV 10, in order to compare the properties of steel with the same reference hardness. DCT does not allow the complete transformation of retained austenite in the investigated high speed steel, due to the stabilizing effect of alloying elements. Tempering is necessary to completely transform this phase and to allow proper secondary hardening. If carried out after quenching, DCT shifts the secondary hardness peak to lower temperature, evidencing the need to adjust the tempering parameters to avoid overtempering. The microstructure didn't show any significant influence of DCT in terms of carbides distribution, due to the conditioning of martensite at low temperature. The same can be also concluded for the other properties (toughness, tensile strength and wear resistance), which are practically the same for samples having the same hardness.
The solidification process in continuous casting is a critical part of steel production. The speed and quality of the solidification process determines the quality of the final product. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are often used to describe the process and to design its control system but, so far, there has been no tool that provides an online measurement of the solidification front of hot steel during the continuous casting process. This paper presents a novel magnetic induction tomography (MIT) solution, developed in the EU-funded SHELL-THICK project, to work in a real casting setting and to provide a real-time and reliable measurement of the shell thickness in a cross section of the strand. The new MIT system was installed at the end of the secondary cooling chamber of a casting unit and tested over several days in a real production process. MIT is able to create an internal map of the electrical conductivity of hot steel deep inside the billet. The image of electrical conductivity is then converted to a temperature profile that allows the measurement of the solid, mushy and liquid layers. In this study, such a conversion is done by synchronizing in one time step the MIT measurement and the thermal map generated with the actual process parameters available at that time. The MIT results were then compared with the results obtained with the CFD and thermal modelling of the industrial process. This is the first time in situ monitoring of the interior structure has been carried out during a real continuous casting.
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