were positive for PD-L1 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nine patients switched from negative to positive while another two patients' samples showed the reverse of the above result. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that postoperative expression of PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR¼0.50, P¼0.003), but not for PD-L1 expression prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may up-regulate the expression of PD-L1. As compared with the status of PD-L1 expression prior to chemotherapy, the postoperative expression of PD-L1 is a better prognostic factor for overall survival in SCC.
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