High-resolution turbo spin echo (TSE) images have demonstrated important details of carotid artery morphology; however, it is evident that pulsatile blood and wall motion related to the cardiac cycle are still significant sources of image degradation. Although ECG gating can reduce artifacts due to cardiac-induced pulsations, gating is rarely used because it lengthens the acquisition time and can cause image degradation due to nonconstant repetition time. This work introduces a relatively simple method of converting a conventional TSE acquisition into a retrospectively ECG-correlated cineTSE sequence. The cineTSE sequence generates a full sequence of ECG-correlated images at each slice location throughout the cardiac cycle in the same scan time that is conventionally used by standard TSE sequences to produce a single image at each slice location. The cineTSE images exhibit reduced pulsatile artifacts associated with a gated sequence but without the increased scan time or associated nonconstant repetition time effects. Magn Reson Med 66:1286-1292,
Purpose To evaluate a method to enable single-slice or multiple-slice cine phase contrast (cine-PC) acquisition during a single breath hold using a highly sparsified radial acquisition ordering and temporally constrained image reconstruction with a spatially varying temporal constraint. Materials and Methods Simulated and in-vivo cine PC data sets of the proximal ascending aorta were obtained at different acceleration factors using a view projection acquisition order optimized for temporally constrained reconstruction (TCR). Reconstruction of the sparse cine-PC data performed with TCR was compared to reconstructions using zero-filled ergridding and temporal interpolation. Results TCR resulted in more accurate velocity measurements than regridding or temporal interpolation. In one data set, TCR of under-sampled in-vivo data (16 views per cardiac phase) resulted in a PSV within 3.3% of the value measured by Doppler ultrasound while shortening the scan time to 13 seconds. High temporal-resolution under-sampled TCR was also compared lower temporal-resolution, more highly-sampled, regridding in 3 normal volunteers. Conclusion TCR proved to be an effective method for reconstructing under-sampled radial PC data. Although TCR utilizes a temporal constraint, temporal blurring was minimized by using appropriate constraint weights in addition to a spatially varying temporal constraint. TCR allowed for the acquisition time to be reduced to the duration of a breath hold, while still resulting in accurate velocity measurements.
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