Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) may arise from the previous clonal disorder of hematopoiesis, usually from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or from chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (cMPN) or after exposure to a leukemogenic agent (previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, some immunosuppressive drugs or environmental leukemogenic agents). Secondary origin of AML is associated with unfavorable prognosis and it is not considered to be conventionally curable (with the exception of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia).The presented study is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed and treated at the Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital Olomouc in 1996-2008. Over that period of time, a total 574 patients with AML were diagnosed. Of those, 430 patients were diagnosed as having primary AML; in 86 patients, sAML transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome and 58 patients were followed or treated for various malignancies or were treated with potentially leukemogenic agents because of non-malignant disorders.Patients with secondary AML are older and less commonly treated with curative intention than those with primary AML. According to cytogenetic findings, their prognosis is often worse. Complete hematologic remission is achieved with a low probability, relapse of the disease occurs frequently and overall survival is worse in almost all prognostic subgroups. With the exception of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia, the prognosis of which does not differ from very good prognosis of the primary forms, secondary AML is not considered a conventionally curable disease.
Diagnostics, Central State V e t e r i n a q Institute, 0 loin our, Czech osl otak ia SummaryThe n i~t l i o r~ followed the tissite response of :I iiew plastic tribe composed of neutral Iiydropliilic gel, after implantatiori i n Lhe stitwitis of rats. They fiirther stiitlied tissrir reactioii when gel rnds were coiiiiected by polymerimtioir in s i f u . After imphtatiuii, the gel tribes developed a fine eiicapsrilatioii biit no iriflammatory respoiise. The gel rods were coiniected "erid to end" by means of a drop of the polymerizing mixtiire. The healing proceeded in the same maniier with the exceptioii that niiiiiite graiiriles of macrocelliilar elements were formed in t,he ligament siirroimding the polymerizat,ion mixtrire remnants. According to these resiilts3 the iieiitinl hydrophilic gel has proved to be a siiitable material for implant at ion.In the pnqt 20 years, plastics have found widc application in surgery. The plastics used, however, were conventional commercial materials. not nl~vays prepared to meet the higher purity arid content rquireinetits of soluble arid resorbable substances. Imperfect maintenaiice of production conditions arid deviations in the chemical compositiou of individual samples were riot conducive to confidence in these plabtics arid were drawbacks to the application of synthetic matc+tle in the organism.' The following have found a fairly wide usc as proRthetic materials in surgery of the middle ear: pdy-387
The case report of a 61 year-old man with AML M2 FAB, t(1; 13; 14) and zygomycotic mesenterial thromboangiitis is presented. Two induction cycles of chemotherapy were administered due to primary drug resistance. They were complicated by pneumonia, colonic pseudo-obstruction and perforation with peritonitis. The patient died on the 40th day of therapy, 4 days after undergoing palliative surgery. Zygomycotic thromboangiitis, which very probably contributed to the intestinal perforation, was confirmed morphologically at necropsy. the novel complex chromosomal translocation t(1; 13; 14) (q31; q32; q24) and the problems connected with the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections are discussed.
Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a relatively rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. It has become the best curable subtype of acute leukemias in adults due to the inclusion of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment. Despite the efficacy of ATRA, chemotherapy must be added in APL patients in order to maintain durable complete remission. However, chemotherapy administration is inevitably related to many complications, including the risk of secondary malignancies. T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is an infrequent disease that belongs to the group of highly aggressive lymphomas. Case Report: The authors describe the case of a 25-year-old woman who was treated for APL in 2002 and developed precursor T-LBL 5 years later. Conclusion: Several cases of secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemias in ‘cured’ APL patients have been described, but probably no patient with secondary precursor T-LBL. Secondary malignancy has become one of the topics discussed (not only) in APL patients. It is apparently related to the excellent treatment outcomes and long-term survival. Better tailored treatment based on relevant prognostic factors allowing chemotherapy reduction or omission in some patients is needed.
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