PLATE XVII. J. HE fossil trees, to which the following observations refer, were found at Dixon Fold, Clifton, near Manchester, in making the excavations for the Manchester and Bolton Railway*. The largest of these fossils, No. 1. (see PI. XVII.), was discovered about two years since (1837); and the others have been met with during the last three months, in excavating below the level of the rails to form a drain. No. 1. may have been taller than it now is, for being of a friable nature, a portion of its upper end might easily have been removed by the workmen before they discovered what it was. This observation is still more applicable to the others, as they are further within the line of railway, and the earth above them was removed in larger masses ; but though they may have been shortened by this means, it is not probable that the imbedded remains of the original stems could have been more than a few feet longer than at present. The section (fig. 6.) showing the stratification above the fossils, is in the direction of the line of railway, or from southeast to northwest ; but the dip of the strata being nearly due south, at an angle of about fifteen degrees, the section passes obliquely across the dip. The dotted horizontal line is very nearly coincident with that of the rails. The small bed of coal, the " two-feet mine" (see Section, PI. XVII.) beneath which these fossils stand, occupies an intermediate place in the coalfield of the district. There are above the two-feet mine, in a thickness of about 130 yards, four other " mines" of coal, of an aggregate thickness of sixteen feet. The next subjacent coal-bed is forty-five yards below the two-feet mine. It consists of cannel coal, * Care has been taken to preserve them, and they are now standing erect as when found; and being as much protected from the weather as their situation will admit, they will retain, for twelve months, at' least, their original sharpness of outline sufficiently to render them interesting to the geologist. (1839.
Mr. REDMAN said, that a few facts had come to his knowledge since the Paper had been prepared. H e had referred to the modern buoyage of the Prince's Channel as being deeper than the Quecn's Channel to the south of it, to illustrate the changes in the Thames' estuary. From the most recent surveys of the sand-banks and channels, it appeared that other changes had lately occurred in the first-named channel. The west entrance, the Girdler Channel, had, two years back, been superseded by a channel more to the N.E. between the West Girdler and Shingles, called the Shingles Channel, up to the arrival of the Princess Alexandra, who passed through it, subsequently it was called the Alexandra Channel. Owing to the breaking away of the crest of the West Girder sand, the western outlet of the Prince's Channel, the Girdler Channel, was rapidly shoaling, and the Alexandra Channel had also lost depth, but at the east end of the Prince's Channel, bctween the Girdler and Long Sands, Bullock's Channel had broken through the sand separabing its deep-water head from the 'Black Deep,' and at that point it was now 20 feet.deeper than shown in the last-published charts. This channel, not yet buoyed, was 3 miles long, and 1 mile wide, and 40 feet to 50 feet deep, throughout. Should the west approaches to the Prince's Channel continue to shoal, the lights would in all probability be removed, and the Bullock Channel, leading into the ' Black Deeps ' of the South Channel, would be lighted and used instead. This channel would be wider and freer for navigation, but would be 16 mile longer. The Middle, and Overland Channels to the westward wcre also 226 THE EAST COAST. low water, with a channel on the north side 20 feet deep, and a channel 15 feet on the south side. At IIarwich the ' Beach End ' buoy, moored in 18 feet of water, laid in 1.842, was shifted each year, and last moored in February, 1863. He did not know the amount of movement each year, but it would in all probability closely coincide with the late Admiral Washington's estimate, of 12 yards per annum. By comparing the Admiralty surveys of 1842 with others of the present time, he found the S.W. progression in the last twenty years, was 200 yards, equal to 10 ynrds per annum. Respecting the engineering and commercial value of the question, he had prepared from Mr. Ingham's *shipping returns for the years 1856-1859 and 1862 (Appendix) the registered tonnage of the thirteen ports from Maldon to Boston, within the limits of coast described. It would be seen that the aggregate registered tonnage-nearly a stationary quantit,y for the last seven yearswas nearly 130,000 tons ; and the amount of exports and imports, coasting, colonial, and foreign, from the various ports along the coast reviewed, was nearly 14 million of tons ; the colonial (a small amount) nearly stationary ; the foreign slightly falling 0% and the coasting considerably so, for that, on the whole, there was a falling off due to the extension of railways and the diversion of the carrying trade to London. Still the amount ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.