Bone marrow of mice parasitized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis showed increased numbers of eosinophils as early as 4 days after infection. By day 7, their bone marrow also contained elevated numbers of progenitors that form small eosinophil colonies (20 to 50 cells) in soft agar cultures supplemented with interleukin-5 (IL-5). However, when mice were infused with anti-IL-5 antibodies at the time of infection, the number of recognizable eosinophils present in bone marrow remained low and eventually dropped below normal levels. The antibody treatment also prevented increased generation of IL-5- responsive precursors capable of differentiating into mature eosinophils in liquid culture and inhibited the generation of progenitor cells capable of forming small eosinophil colonies or clusters in soft agar cultures. The results of these in vivo experiments directly show that IL-5 is an essential regulatory molecule required for the bone marrow-dependent phase of a parasite-induced eosinophilia.
Magnesium-lithium binary alloys which contain just enough lithium (about 11 wt %) to produce a single-phase, body-centered cubic structure have shown surprisingly good resistance to corrosion in 3% salt solution, ttigh-strength alloys having about 9% lithium and various quantities of aluminum, zinc, and other elements have a mixed hexagonal-plus-body-centered cubic structure. Such alloys generally have poorer corrosion resistance than the single-phase binaries. Three of the high-strength alloys were exposed for 32 months to the sea-coast atmosphere near Daytona Beach, Florida. For comparison purposes, samples of commereial AZ31A-tI24 alloy were exposed at the same time. All alloys were in the form of 4 X 6 X 0.064 in. panels. The AZ31A sheet had corrosion resistance only slightly superior to that of an alloy containing Mg-8.7% Li-5% AI-8~o Zn. The other two alloys, Mg-8.8% Li-7% A1-0.05% Sn-l% Mn and Mg-8.8~ Li-7% Al-l% Sn, had much poorer corrosion resistance.
Crevice attack of titanium and its alloys has been observed in high-temperature chloride solutions, chlorine gas, and certain acid environments. In chloride solutions, the attack becomes more severe as concentration and temperature increase. For chlorine gas, water is found to be an effective inhibitor.
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