Photoluminescence, surface photovoltage spectroscopy and high-resolution characterization methods (Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and DC conductivity) are applied to nanostructured Hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics and allowed to study electron (hole) energy states spectra of the HAp and distinguish bulk and surface localized levels. The measured trap spectra show strong sensitivity to preliminary heat treatment of the ceramics. It is assumed that found deep electron (hole) charged states are responsible for high bioactivity of the HAp nanoceramics.
This paper presents a classification of the processes of slow electron emission in solids when excited and stimulated in different ways. All these processes belong to the so‐called exoelectron emission (EEE). We examine phenomenological theories which explain the basic experimental evidence of the non‐stationary thermoemission (TEE). The EEE is described in terms of a kinetic theory close to luminescence theory. The experimental criteria suggested for distinguishing different types of exoelectron emission mechanisms can be used for any broad‐band emitters.
PACS 79.75.+g The phenomenological theories of the non-stationary photostimulated exoelectron emission are demonstrated and described in terms of a kinetic theory close to a luminescence theory. The theory described is shown to be capable of yielding excellent fits to the experimental data and explaining the basic experimental evidence.
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