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Thermodynamic modelling shows that while TiC is a stable phase in Al ± Ti ± C grain re®ners, it should decompose on addition of the re®ners to typical Al alloys. The present work assesses the impact of melt composition on TiC stability and on grain re®ner performance, which has been tested at various addition levels in Al and Al ± Mg alloys. In melts with compositions that stabilise TiC, there is effective grain re®nement with little fading of performance on holding the re®ner in the melt. In melts with compositions in which TiC is not stable, grain re®nement is impaired even at short holding times, and becomes markedly worse at longer holding times. It is concluded that in typical cases progressive decomposition of TiC does occur, and that this can have a signi®cant effect on grain re®nement by inoculation with Al ± Ti ± C master alloys.MST/4663

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