Ignition and combustion of a liquid fuel dropkt injected into a hot and highly pressurized combustor are investigated numerically, including the effect of internal circulation. Ignition delay times of dropkts predicted with internal circulation are almost the same as those from the diffusion limit model insofar as ignition taIwl near the dropkt. Combustion regime maps are drawn to classifY the dropkt combustion phenomena according to the configuration and location of the flame with respect to initial Reynolds numbers and the surrounding gas temperatures.

The luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with a mixed layer in a hole transport layer (HTL) and an emitting layer (EML) was highest among the fabricated OLEDs, and the luminous efficiency of the OLEDs with a mixed layer at 10 mA=cm 2 was 6.5 cd=A. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the OLEDs fabricated utilizing a mixed layer became stabilized, and the CIE chromaticity coordinates of the OLEDs at 15 V was (0.457, 0.510), indicative of a deep yellow color. The efficiency enhancement and the color stabilization of the OLEDs with a mixed layer were attributed to the exciplex emission process.

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