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The effects of body motion, clothing design and environmental conditions on the thermal insulation of clothing systems were investigated by using a newly developed fabric manikin. The manikin was covered with four typical clothing systems, and the changes of thermal insulation of these clothing systems and the heat lost from the clothed manikin were examined under various walking speeds (0–1.2 km/hr), wind velocities (0–2.2 m/s), and ambient temperature (—20°C–20°C) inside an environmental chamber. Out of this work, better understanding of the reduction of thermal insulation, owing to the combined effects of body motion and wind, are achieved. Also, the work showed the significant effect of ambient temperature on the effective clothing thermal insulation and the advantage of using aluminium foil in the construction of clothing for use in cold environments. Finally, the work revealed the fact that body motion can have a very significant effect on the clothing thermal insulation even though body activity is low. This explains why people, when they feel cold, like to increase their activity level in order to increase heat production rather than reduce their activity level to reduce the heat lost.

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A theoretical model for the study of the thermal insulation of clothing in windy conditions is presented. In this model, the trunk of a human body is approximated to as an internally temperature‐controlled hollow cylinder. The clothing assembly covering on the cylindrical body consists of two parts, an outer wind resistant fabric and an inner porous fibrous material. The numerical solution derived agrees well with the experimental findings performed on a cylindrical togmeter in a wind tunnel. It appears that air penetration and changes in clothing geometry caused by compression, expansion or fluctuation of the assembly are two essential mechanisms which cause the wind‐induced reduction in thermal insulation. The effects of wind velocity, air permeability of the outer fabric and inner porous fibrous material, are examined and discussed.

Tbe relationships have been investigated between subjective preference votes, collected under three different conditions, for garments derived from a range of fabric materials and objective physical factors (where 'factors" are grouped properties) measured for the same materials. The technique of canonical correlation analysis was applied, and three canonical correlations between subjective preference votes and objective physical factors were found to be highly significant (P < 0.0001, r > 0.950).Canonical redundancy analysis showed that the objective physical factors of fabrics had great predictive power for the subjective votes, with cumulative redundancy over 0.983. The subjective preference votes, however, were poor predictors for the physical factors of fabrics, with cumulative redundancy only 0.467.The squared multiple correlations suggested that the first three canonical variables of the objective factors of fabrics had very good predictive power for all three subjective preference votes, but the first three canonical variables of the subjective preference votes showed good predictive power only for fabric roughness and fullness and for fabric wettability, not for other objective factors.