SUMMARY
Caecal fluid samples collected 8 and 24 hours after carbohydrate overload were quantitatively compared to control samples in terms of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Concomitant increases in lactic acid‐producing bacteria and decreases in Gram negative bacteria were substantiated during the onset of acute laminitis. Progressive decreases in caecal fluid pH were also quantitated. Although endotoxin assays of caecal fluid and blood were not done, the caecal flora changes suggest its presence during the onset of acute laminitis.
RÉSUMÉ
Des échantillons de fluide coecal recueillis 8 et 24 heures apràs une surcharge digestive en hydrates de carbone furent comparés à des échantillons témoins pour apprécier les modifications de la flore aérobie et anaérobie.
On constata une augmentation des bactéries productrices d'acide lactique et une diminution des bactéries Gram—avec installation des signes de fourbure aigue. Une diminution progressive du Ph du liquide coecal fut également remarquée. On ne contrôla point la présence d'antoxines dans le liquide coecal ni dans le sang. Mais les variations de la flore coecale laissent penser à l'existence de telles toxines au début de la fourbure aigue.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Blinddarminhalt wurde 8 und 24 Stunden nach Kohlenhydratüberfütterung entnommen und quantitativ verglichen mit Kontrollproben (Zahl der aeroben und anaeroben Bakterien). Beim Eintritt einer akuten Hufrehe kommt es gleichzeitig zu einer Vermehrung von Lactat‐produzierenden Bakterien und zu einer Verminderung von Gram‐negativen Keimen. Ein zunehmender Abfall des pH im Blindarminhalt konnte ebenfalls quantitativ erhärtet werden. Obgleich Endotoxinbestimmungen in der Blinddarmflüssigkeit und im Blut nicht vorgenommen werden konnten, kann das Vorhandensein von Endotoxin aufgrund der Veränderungen der Flora beim Eintritt einer akuten Rehe vermutet werden.
SUMMARY
Indirect systolic and diastolic arterial pressure measurements of 456 Thoroughbred horses of various ages and sex stabled at 9 different race tracks were measured with an ultrasonic‐Doppler device interfaced with a sphygmomanometer cuff. The mean systolic pressure was 111.8 ± 13.3 mmHg and the mean diastolic pressure was 69.6 ± 13.8 mmHg in this population.
RÉSUMÉ
La mesure des pressions artérielles systoliques et diastoliques a été réalisée sur 456 chevaux de Pur Sang, d'âge et de sexe différents, stationnés sur 9 différents champs de course en utilisant un système ultrasonique‐Doppler en connection avec un sphygmomanomètre. Pour cette population la pression systolique moyenne fut de 111.8 ± 13.3 mmHg et la pression diastolique moyenne fut de 69.6 ± 13.8 mmHg.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Bei 456 Vollblütern verschiedenen Alters und Geschlechts wurden die systolischen und diastolischen arteriellen Drucke indirekt gemessen. Die Pferde befanden sich auf 9 verschiedenen Rennbahnen; die Messungen erfolgten mit einem Ultraschall‐Doppler‐Apparat über eine Sphygmomanometer‐Manschette. Der mittlere systolische Druck betrug in dieser Population 111.8 ± 13.3 mmHg und der mittlere diastolische Druck 69.6 ± 13.8 mmHg.
SUMMARY
Surgery on the larynx as is seen in most cases today is either a laryngotomy in which the laryngeal saccules are removed or a laryngoplasty procedure in which the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage is sutured to the cricoid cartilage or the combination of both. Continued research in this area might lead to a better surgical technique than laryngoplasty. At this time laryngoplasty has apparently increased the efficacy of surgery treatment on the larynx by at least 20% over the long advocated laryngeal saccule removal.
It is of interest to note that in comparing the larynx of man and the horse that innervation and musculature are very similar. Perhaps in viewing laryngeal paralysis in man better understanding of the etiology and perhaps the surgical approach may be obtained. But, as pointed out by Cook1, man is not judged by how fast he can run a mile as opposed to the horse.
Horses with undescended testes are frequently presented to the veterinary surgeon for castration. The pertinent pre‐operative evaluations and diagnostic procedures that should be made prior to either surgical intervention or referral of such cases are outlined. Several accepted anesthetic and surgical techniques are similarly reviewed. Case histories of 58 horses referred during a two year period are reviewed and correlated with the findings of a recent study of equine testicular development and descent.
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