This article discusses the origins of the so-called theory known as the "Bradley effect" within the historical context of the 1982 California gubernatorial election and its emergence as a popular, albeit questionable, explanation for Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley's unexpected loss in which racism is singled out as a major reason. The essay explores the validity of the Bradley effect in politics as well as how campaign operatives, journalists, pollsters, bloggers, and pundits focus on race, sometimes in a synergistic manner, to both validate and dismiss the effect of race on the election.
Various governmental and one nongovernmental public diplomacy efforts are outlined in this descriptive essay that focuses on the importance of open communication at the grassroots level as a requisite for the establishment of meaningful and sustaining relationships and the development of trust. State Department-sponsored visits to Russia, Uzbekistan, Azerbajain, and Turkmenistan are described and challenges noted, as well as the background and initial phases of the first grassroots effort after 9/11—the Saudi American Exchange.
We examine the field of health communication with a multimethodological analysis, presenting a brief historical synopsis of the academic literature as well as the results of a survey administered to academicians who identified communication and health to be major fields of interest. After this descriptive backdrop of health communication, we offer a prescription for an ideal health communicator--that is, one with an interdisciplinary background--to use ethical, persuasive means to craft, deliver, and evaluate campaigns that promote good health and disease prevention; to plan, influence, and implement health policy; and to employ ethical decision making that will enhance the quality of life for individuals and communities throughout the globe.
Media attention to celebrities during the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign was substantial. This article traces some of the more remarkable celebrity roles throughout the campaign. Through an account of journalistic experience, the authors provide evidence of the way celebrity spectacle dominated much of the campaign rhetoric in the 2004 election. Analysis of what to expect in the future suggests only increased attention to the role of celebrities in U.S. politics as the line between information and entertainment is blurred.
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