Resultados: los principales factores de riesgo constitucionales son: edad (antes de los 50 años se diagnostican menos del 0,7% de estas neoplasias y en mayores de 65 años, entre el 75-85%), étnico-raciales y geográficos (los afroamericanos presentan las mayores tasas de incidencia y las más bajas en el sudeste asiático), genéticos, familiares y hereditarios (los síndromes familiares engloban el 13-26% de todos los cánceres de próstata, de los cuales el 5% se heredan de forma autosómica dominante), hormonales (es un tumor hormonodependiente), antropométricos (la obesidad incrementa el riesgo), perinatales, hipertensión arterial y diabetes tipo 2. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo constitucionales desarrollan un papel muy importante en la etiopatogenia del cáncer prostático, especialmente la edad, los factores étnico-racialesgeográficos y los factores genético-familiares. No podemos saber qué porcentaje de estas neoplasias se atribuye a factores constitucionales, porque el conocimiento de dichos factores es actualmente incompleto.
Introduction
The aim is to update and disclose the main environmental risk factors, excluding dietary factors, involved in the etiopathology of prostate cancer.
Materials and methods
Bibliographic review of the last 25 years of non-dietary environmental risk factors associated with prostate cancer between 1985 and 2010, obtained from MedLine, CancerLit, Science Citation Index and Embase. The search profiles were Environmental Risk Factors/Tobacco/Infectious-Inflammatory Factors/Pesticides/Vasectomy/Occupational Exposures/ Chemoprevention Agents/Radiation and Prostate Cancer.
Results
While some non-dietary environmental risk factors increase the risk of acquiring the disease, others decrease it. Of the former, it is worth mentioning exposal to tobacco smoke, chronic infectious-inflammatory prostatic processes and occupational exposure to cadmium, herbicides and pesticides. The first factors that reduce the risk are the use of chemopreventive drugs (Finasterida, Dutasteride) and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation. With the current data, a vasectomy does not influence the risk of developing the disease.
Conclusions
The slow process of prostate carcinogenesis is the final result of the interaction of constitutional risk and environmental factors. Non-dietary environmental factors play an important role in the etiopathology of this disease. To appropriately assess the risk factors, extensive case studies that include all the possible variables must be analyzed.
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