Since operative time and stone-free rates favor prone PCNL, but patient safety favors supine PCNL, the choice of patient position should be tailored to individual patient characteristics and the surgeon's preference.

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This chapter is a brief description of the state of the art of the field of targeted drug delivery using magnetic implants. It describes the advantages and drawbacks of the use of internal magnets to concentrate magnetic nanoparticles near tumor locations, and the different approaches to this task performed in vitro and in vivo reviewed in literature are presented.