The foraging, territoriality and displacement of the Snail Kite were studied over 232 hours of observations in an urban lake during the dry and wet seasons. The temperature and rainfall variations were used to correlate with predation rates and the correlation coefficients were 0,39 and 0,34, respectively. Snail Kites spent more time foraging during the wet than the dry season when perching is more frequently recorded. The higher predation in the wet season can be explained by the higher abundance of apple snails and the energy demand for reproduction. In the wet season, the territories were smaller and the conspecific conflicts decreased as prey were more available. However, due to the lack of food in the dry season, intra-specific conflicts and expansion of male territories were observed and the female and immatures were expelled from their foraging area to another location. In this way, site tenacity of Snail Kites should be interpreted in relation to the variations on food and dominance gradients according to the temporal changes (time) and foraging sites (space).
The purposes of this study are to determine daily amount of land transported by the Thalassina anomala species in the mangrove ecosystem at Sungai Reuleung Leupung and determine the characteristics of bioturbation, the correlation between body size and the amount of soil transported by T. anomala and also to see the characteristics of microhabitat. The research was conducted from July 2017 until August 2017. The observation was carried out by dividing into five stations through survey methods with purposive sampling technique. The Pearson Correlation formula was applied to analyzing the effect of biosturbation activities on the environment. Environmental factors in Mud Lobster habitat are water temperature around 25°C31°C, air temperature 25°C-33°C, salinity around 17-22 %o, and soil pH ranges from 5-7,2, and water pH ranges from 5-7,4. The results show that bioturbation activities were influenced by body size, soil density and the effect of microhabitat. The average of land transported by T. anomala was 163, 82 grams from a total of 95 excreted soils with a moderate correlation of 0,535. Based on the results, it can be revealed that the capacity of land transported by T. anomala has the potential to affect surface of the mangrove ecosystem.
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