Summary:We propose a fully nonsupervised methodol ogy dedicated to the fast registration of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance images of the brain. First, discrete representations of the surfaces of interest (head or brain surface) are automatically ex tracted from both images. Then, a shape-independent sur face-matching algorithm gives a rigid body transforma tion, which allows the transfer of information between both modalities. A three-dimensional (3D) extension of the chamfer-matching principle makes up the core of this surface-matching algorithm. The optimal transformation is inferred from the minimization of a quadratic general ized distance between discrete surfaces, taking into ac count between-modality differences in the localization of A number of approaches to the analysis of phys iological data obtained from positron emission to mography (PET) require complementary anatomi cal information from another modality such as mag netic resonance imaging (MRI) (Mazziotta et aI., 1991). Since scans are not (and often cannot be) performed with perfectly reproducible patient posi tioning, increasing needs for accurate and reproduc ible three-dimensional (3D) registration methods have appeared. Most of the existing methods in volve user interaction. Procedural approaches, which rely on specific acquisition protocols [stereo taxic frames (Clarysse et aI., 1991), headholders (Bettinardi et aI., 1991), external markers (Koeppe et aI., 1991; Maguire et aI., 1991)], suffer from lack of versatility. Retrospective assisted approaches, 749 the segmented surfaces. The minimization process is ef ficiently performed via the precomputation of a 3D dis tance map. Validation studies using a dedicated brain shaped phantom have shown that the maximum registra tion error was of the order of the PET pixel size (2 mm) for the wide variety of tested configurations. The soft ware is routinely used today in a clinical context by the physiCians of the Service Hospitalier Frt!deric loliot (> 150 registrations performed). The entire registration process requires -5 min on a conventional workstation.
We propose an extension of the chamfer matching technique to accurately register 3D medical images from different modalities. A shape-independent surface matching technique yields a rigid body transformation, which allows the transfer of information between modalities. The o p timal transformation is inferred from the minimization of a quadratic generalized distance between discrete surfaces. The minimization process is efficiently performed via the precomputation of a 3D distance map. The entire registration process requires no supervision.
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