The relative phytotoxicity of sorgoleone as measured by seed germination and seedling growth of selected crop and weed species and inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in atrazine-resistant and -susceptible cell cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) were investigated. Relatively little or no effect of sorgoleone was observed on radicle elongation at concentrations less than 500 μM in Petri dish bioassays. Sorgoleone was very phytotoxic to large crabgrass (Digitatia sanguinalis), with a GR50 of 10 μM for shoot growth in a hydroponic culture bioassay. Inhibition of shoot and root growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and barnyardgrass (Echinocloa crus-galli) was also observed at higher concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM, but ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomea hederacea) was tolerant. Sorgoleone inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution in both susceptible and resistant cell cultures of potato and common groundsel, and the effect was similar to that of diuron, a strong inhibitor of PS II electron transport. Chlorophyll fluorescence response to sorgoleone in both resistant and susceptible cell cultures was nearly the same. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes varied considerably in the amount of sorgoleone produced. Root exudates generally contained 85−90% pure sorgoleone on the basis of HPLC analysis. These data indicate that sorgoleone is phytotoxic at micromolar concentrations, exhibits marked selectivity, and inhibits photosynthetic electron transport similar to diuron. Keywords: Sorgoleone; bioassay; hydroponics; inhibition; phytotoxicity; photosynthetic oxygen evolution; electron transport; root exudate
Sarath, Gautam; Mitchell, Robert B.; Sattler, S. E.; Funnell, Deanna L.; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.; Graybosch, Robert A.; and Vogel, Kenneth P., "Opportunities and roadblocks in utilizing forages and small grains for liquid fuels" (2008 Abstract This review focuses on the potential advantages and disadvantages of forages such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and two small grains: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and wheat (Triticum aesitvum), as feedstocks for biofuels. It highlights the synergy provided by applying what is known from forage digestibility and wheat and sorghum starch properties studies to the biofuels sector. Opportunities therefore, exist to improve biofuel qualities in these crops via genetics and agronomics. In contrast to cereal crops, switchgrass still retains tremendous exploitable genetic diversity, and can be speciWcally improved to Wt a particular agronomic, management, and conversion platform. Combined with emerging studies on switchgrass genomics, conversion properties and management, the future for genetic modiWcation of this species through conventional and molecular breeding strategies appear to be bright. The presence of brown-midrib mutations in sorghum that alter cell wall composition by reducing lignin and other attributes indicate that sorghum could serve as an important model species for C 4 -grasses. Utilization of the brown-midrib traits could lead to the development of forage and sweet sorghums as novel biomass crops. Additionally, wheat crop residue, and wheat and sorghum with improved starch content and composition represent alternate biofuel sources. However, the use of wheat starch as a biofuel is unlikely but its value as a model to study starch properties on biofuel yields holds signiWcant promise.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.