Professor of Greek in the Univer8ity of Bri8tol. ABOUT the end of the fourth century B.C., very shortly after the death of Aristotle, we come to two great names in the history of medicine-Herophilus, who may be called the founder of Systematic Anatomy, and Erasistratus, the first scientific physiologist. They both migrated from their homes in Asia Minor to Alexandria, attracted thither by the prospect of material advancement and the facilities for prosecuting their advanced studies which Ptolemaic Egypt offered to all eminent students. Their works are entirely lost, but some details of their teaching may be recovered from the voluminous writings of Galen, who possessed their books in entirety, and from scattered references in later writers. Of Erasistratus it must suffice for the moment to say that he came very near to discovering the circulation of the blood, and if he had started on the investigation of the arterial system with an open mind he must almost inevitably have reached the right conclusion. As it was, however, he was handicapped by the "pneumatic " theories of his predecessors and contemporaries, and could not shake off their influence. Herophilus is described by Galen as a follower of the "logical" or "dialectical'; method, as opposed to mere empiricism. Galen sometimes accuses him of obscurity, but severer censure is generally reserved for his followers [31, who erred by misinterpreting their master's opinions. In the majority of cases he is classed by the historian among the great physicians of antiquity [1, 2], and commended for the soundness of his views, especially for the combination of observation with reasoning powers. the patient recovered may have inclined him to assign less importance to the heart [14]. MY-H 1 (M1arch 18, 1925.
It is impossible to ignore the damage humans have inflicted on our planet. 2022 brought new record temperatures, floods, storms, wildfires, and droughts across the world. 1 These events threaten the health of humans, wildlife, and habitats and are wreaking permanent and irreversible destruction on earth systems. 2
Dobson managing editorNHS staff are disheartened. Vacancies are at an all time high, morale is declining, and retention is worsening. A report from the Health Foundation has found that stress levels among UK GPs are higher than for GPs in nine other high income countries, and job satisfaction is lower. 1 The healthcare workforce crisis is a global challenge, but the chronic workforce shortages in the NHS are a result of "consistent policy failure," writes Malinga Ratwatte, a GP registrar in London. 2
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