Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl.Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. barkcanker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

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Chemical examination of the roots of Guettarda platypoda DC. (Rubiaceae), a plant used in traditional medicine as a febrifuge, gave quinovic acid, 3-(0-fucosyl)-quinovic acid, morroniside, sweroside, and 5 acarboxystrictosidine. From the same plant Bhattacharyya et al. (1) isolated quinovic acid, rotundic acid, ßsitosterol, and a saponin. EXPERIMENTAL General experimentalprocedures.-'H-nmr spectra were recorded on a Varían EM 360 and BC-nmr spectra on a Bruker AM 400 spectrometers (TMS as internal reference); ms on an AEI MS 902 instrument, 70 eV; tic and cc: Kieselgel 60 (Merck).Plant material.-Roots of G. platypoda were collected near Itamaraca (Recife, Brazil) in March 1982. A voucher specimen of the plant (no. 5341), identified by Alda Chiappeta, is deposited at the Herbarium of the

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In previous studies on the roots of Rheedia benthamiana PI. Triana (1), Rheedia gardneriana PI. Triana (2,3), and Rheedia brasiliensis (Martins) PL Triana (4) (Guttiferae), several xanthones have been described.In this note we report on the biflavonoid composition of the roots of the three species above, as well as of the fruits of Rheedia madrunno (HBK) PI. Triana. The CHC13 extract of the last yielded mainly the polyprenylated benzophenone xanthochymol (5), while the MeOH extract afforded three biflavonoids which were identified as volkensiflavone, fukugetin, and the biflavanone GB2a (6). The same biflavonoids were isolated from the root extracts of R. benthamiana, R. brasiliensis, and R. gardneriana. In the last extract the biflavanone GBla was also identified. Cumulatively, these compounds are known as Garcinia biflavonoids (6); conversely, xanthochymol has been reported from Garcinia spp. ( 5) and Clusia rosea (7), both belonging to the same subfamily, Clusioideae. This is the first report on their occurrence in the genus Rheedia. EXPERIMENTALPlant material.-The fruits of R. madrunno were collected on August 1982, in the Jardín Botánico of Caracas, Venezuela. A voucher specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Centro Chimica dei Recettori (RM82). The roots of R. benthamiana (1), R. brasiliensis (4), and R. gardneriana (2) were collected in northeastern Brazil. Vouchers of the former two are deposited in the Herbarium of Departamento de Antibióticos (4825 and 4826, respectively). A voucher of R. gardneriana is deposited in the Herbarium of

The structures of three new prenylated xanthones, isolated from the root bark extract of Rheedia brasiliensis, were established as 4", 5"-dihydro-1,5-dihydroxy-6' ,6'-dimethylpyrano (2', 3' :6,7 )-4", 4", 5"-trimethylfurano (2",3":3,4) xanthone (1); 1,3,5-trihydroxy-6',6' dimethylpyrano (2',3':6,7)-4-( 1,2-dimethylprop-2-enyl) xanthone ( 2); and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-( 1, l-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone (3). *For part II of the series, see Delle Monache, et al. (3). 2A preliminary communication was presented at the Second International Conference on Chemistry and Biotechnology of Biologically Active Natural Products held in Budapest, 15-19 August 1983.