Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a globally popular and economically important fruit that is rich in bioactive compounds with strong anti-cancer effects. Rain-proof cultivation is widely used to cultivate Chinese jujube, as it helps avoid rainfall damage during fruit harvest. Although the sugar content of jujube fruits differs between rain-proof and open-field cultivation, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we analyzed the levels of sugar content, sugar accumulation pattern, and transcriptome profiles of jujube fruits at five developmental stages grown under rain-proof and open-field cultivation modes. The sugar content of jujube fruits was significantly higher under rain-proof cultivation than under open-field cultivation, although the sugar composition and sugar accumulation patterns were comparable. Comparative analysis of transcriptomic profiles showed that rain-proof cultivation enhanced the intrinsic metabolic activity of fruit development. Gene expression and correlation analyses suggested that ZjSPS, ZjSS, ZjHXK, and ZjINV regulate the development-related changes in sugar content in jujube fruits grown under rain-proof cultivation. Temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions were key climatic factors affecting sugar accumulation. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating sugar content and sugar accumulation in Chinese jujube fruits grown under rain-proof cultivation, and we provide genetic resources for studying the development mechanism of Chinese jujube fruit.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Ti‐30Zr‐5Al‐3V titanium alloy has an ultra‐low Young's modulus. So, it promises great application potential as a hard‐tissue implanted biomaterial. However, its surface performances need to be improved before clinical applications. In this work, a carbonated hydroxyapatite film is deposited on the surface of Ti‐30Zr‐5Al‐3V bio‐alloy using electrochemical methods. Microstructure, film‐substrate adhesion, and electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbonated hydroxyapatite deposited specimens in Ringer's solution are investigated. A homogeneous, dense, and fully covered carbonated hydroxyapatite film forms on the surface after depositing at 3 V, 90 °C for 120 minutes. The formation mechanism of the carbonated hydroxyapatite film on the micro‐nano structure surface is revealed. The corrosion performance of carbonated hydroxyapatite deposited specimens in Ringer's solution is evaluated by using potentiodynamic polarization curves. The carbonated hydroxyapatite deposition obviously enhanced the corrosion resistance of the Ti‐30Zr‐5Al‐3V bio‐alloy.
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