Synopsis.-Experience has shown that the forces on turbine saturation is considered, and when neglected. Approximate generator armature windings during short-circuit conditions are formulas are derived for the forces on coil sides within one layer of large. The windings may be seriously damaged if adequate the conical end winding, and for the straight coil extensions from consideration is not given to the design of the coil bracing and the slots. A numerical example is given in each of those cases. support.The applicability of certain of these formulas to the phase con-In this paper the forces are calculated for a particular case by necting rings is pointed out. The force on the entire conical the use of images, by the change of flux interlinkages, and by the surface of the end winding is discussed qualitatively. f H2 d s over some surface in air which surrounds the conduc-Certain desirable features of end winding bracing are mentioned. tor under consideration. A new and relatively simple proof is In most of these cases, the instant considered is that following given for the validity of the latter method. The limitations and de-a line-to-neutral short circuit when the maximum possible instansirable applications of each method are considered. taneous current is flowing. Forces on conductors in armature slots are computed when
This paper presents the findings of a study that aimed to contribute to the production of new S&T indicators and to improve existing indicators; the focus was on the development of indicators that could be used to benchmark biotechnology research institutions. This paper focuses on the general methodology that was developed within the investigation undertaken, which could be applied in further benchmarking activities
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