RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fitomassa de calopogônio, mucuna-preta, mucunarajada, feijão-de-porco, guandu de porte alto, Crotalaria spectabilis e C. breviflora sob diferentes densidades de semeadura (10, 20, 40, 80 e 160 sementes viáveis m -2), e o crescimento de plantas daninhas nessas densidades, em área de tabuleiros costeiros. O experimento foi desenvolvido de maio a agosto de 1996, no Campo Experimental "Antônio Martins" (EMDAGRO/Embrapa-CPATC), em Lagarto, SE. O número de plantas vivas na floração (NPVF) e a matéria seca da parte aérea das leguminosas (MSPA) foram determinados quando, em cada espécie, cerca de 50% das plantas floresceram. Maiores incrementos de MSPA, em resposta ao adensamento populacional, foram observados em C. spectabilis e C. breviflora, seguidas pelo calopogônio, mucuna-preta e mucuna-rajada. Em relação ao feijão-de-porco, a resposta foi negativa, enquanto com o guandu não houve influência. Quanto ao NPVF, as respostas ao adensamento foram lineares e positivas em C. spectabilis, C. breviflora e calopogônio, e quadráticas com ponto de máxima em feijão-de-porco, guandu e mucuna-rajada. Embora nenhum modelo tenha sido ajustado para expressar a relação entre NPVF e adensamento na semeadura de mucuna-preta, a sobrevivência dessa espécie foi reduzida em todas as densidades. Maiores inibições de plantas daninhas ocorreram nas parcelas de mucuna-preta e feijão-de-porco.Termos para indexação: culturas de cobertura, manejo do solo, competição, agricultura sustentável. DRY MATTER OF GREEN MANURE AND CONTROL OF WEEDSAT DIFFERENT SOWING LEGUME DENSITIES ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter yields of Calopogonium mucunoides, Stizolobium aterrimum, Stizolobium deeringeanum variety "rajada", Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria breviflora and C. spectabilis in relation to the sowing densities of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 seeds m -2, and the yield of weeds grown in these legume densities. This study was carried out from May to August 1996, in a coastal tableland area of the Antonio Martins Experimental Station (EMDAGRO/Embrapa-CPATC), at Lagarto, State of Sergipe, Brazil. The number of survival plants and the dry matter yields were determined when each species reached the flowering stage. The highest increments of dry matter yield in response to increasing levels of sowing density were observed in plants of Crotalaria spectabilis and C. breviflora followed by C. mucunoides, S. aterrimum and S. deeringeanum. A negative response to the increasing sowing densities was observed in Canavalia ensiformis and sowing densities did not affect the dry matter yield of Cajanus cajan plants. Linear and positive responses of C. spectabilis, C. breviflora and C. mucunoides, and quadratic responses of C. ensiformis, C. cajan and S. deeringeanum were obtained for number of plants in response to increasing sowing density. No equations were found to express the relation between the number of survival plants and sowing densities of S. aterrimum, but the survival ...
ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to identify sorghum hybrids that have both high yield and phenotypic stability in Brazilian environments. Seven trials were conducted between February and March 2011. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 25 treatments and three replicates. The treatments consisted of 20 simple pre-commercial hybrids and five witnesses of grain sorghum. Sorghum genotypes were analyzed by the genotype main effects + genotype environment interaction (GGE) biplot method if significant genotype x environment interaction, adaptability, and phenotypic stability were detected. GGE biplot methodology identified two groups of environments, the first composed of Água Comprida-MG, Montividiu-GO, and Vilhena-RO and the second of Guaíra-SP and Sete Lagoas-MG. The BRS 308 and 1G282 genotypes were found to have high grain yield, adaptability, and phenotypic stability and are thus indicated for cultivation in the first and second groups of environments, respectively.
ABSTRACT. We analyzed productivity data obtained from experiments on grain sorghum conducted in 7 locations of its cultivation in Brazil. A total of 25 hybrids were analyzed, of which 22 were pre-commercial and 3 were cultivars. The Wricke and Purchase et al. methods were highly consistent in identifying individuals with low contributions to genotype x environment interactions. The Lin and Binns method proved to be easily applicable and interpretable but it was not efficient in detecting individuals with specific adaptations. An additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model indicated the suitability of cultivar 1G282 for the cities of Guaíra, Sete Lagoas, and Vilhena, and hybrids 0307087 and 0307091 for the southeast of Goiás. The associations of the Eberhart and Russell method with AMMI indicated that 0307071, 0307131, 0307511, 7627Grain sorghum hybrids stability and adaptability ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 7626-7635 (2014) and 0307651 showed adaptability to favorable environments. Hybrid 0009061 stood out as the most adaptable and stable cultivar.
ABSTRACT. The breeding of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, aimed at improving its nutritional quality, is of great interest, since it can be used as a highly nutritive alternative food source and can possibly be cultivated in regions with low rainfall. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential and genetic diversity of grain-sorghum hybrids for traits of agronomic and nutritional interest. To this end, the traits grain yield and flowering, and concentrations of protein, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, and zinc in the grain were evaluated in 25 grain-sorghum hybrids, comprising 18 experimental hybrids of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo and seven commercial hybrids. The genetic potential was analyzed by a multi-trait best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) model, and cluster analysis was accomplished by squared Mahalanobis distance using the predicted genotypic values. Hybrids 0306037 and 0306034 stood out in the agronomic evaluation. The hybrids with agronomic prominence, however, did not stand out for the traits related to the nutritional quality of the grain. Three clusters were formed from the dendrogram obtained with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean method. From the results of the genotypic BLUP and the analysis of the dendrogram, hybrids 0577337, 0441347, 0307651, and 0306037 were identified as having the potential to establish a population that can aggregate alleles for all the evaluated traits of interest.
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