The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Serbian versions of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and the Study Burnout Inventory (SBI) among fifth-year medical students at 5 universities in Serbia. Material and Methods: The study included 573 fifthyear medical students at 5 universities in Serbia. The research instrument consisted of SBI and CBI. The reliability of these instruments was assessed using an internal consistency measure (Cronbach's α), an intra-class coefficient (ICC) and factor analysis. Results: Cronbach's α for SBI was 0.83, including for exhaustion 0.73, for cynicism 0.70, and for inadequacy 0.48. The test-retest reliability (ICC) was 0.75. Cronbach's α for personal burnout on CBI was 0.89, for the faculty-related burnout 0.86, and for the faculty-members-related burnout 0.92. Cronbach's α for CBI was 0.93. The factor analysis for SBI showed 2 factors and for CBI 3 factors. Conclusions: This study revealed that the Serbian versions of both SBI and CBI could be used for the assessment of burnout in this population.

Background Medical education is both academically and emotionally demanding. The demands of medical school can influence the development of anxiety among medical students. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and factors associated with it among the fifth year medical students at the five universities in Serbia. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted during December of 2019 and included a total of 493 students at the five Universities in Serbia (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Nis, and Kosovska Mitrovica). The questionnaire used was developed based on the questionnaires from similar research and included the sections on social characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, study engagement, Beck depression inventory, Copenhagen burnout inventory, and Zung anxiety scale. Based on the score on Zung anxiety scale students were classified in two groups: with anxiety (scores ≥45) and without anxiety (scores 20-44). Results The mean Zung anxiety scale score was 35.39±8.31 (minimum=20, maximum=69). A total of 64/493 students (13%) was in the group with anxiety. The multivariate logistic regression analysis with the anxiety as an outcome variable showed that anxiety was associated with female sex (OR: 4.20, 95% CI: 1.41-12.50), higher scores on Beck depression inventory (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.26), and total burnout (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.66-9.54). Conclusions This study shows that students with anxiety have a higher likelihood of higher scores on Beck depression inventory and a higher likelihood of having burnout syndrome. The clustering of mental health problems, along with the high prevalence of anxiety among medical students is alarming. Key messages One in eight medical students in Serbia has scores on Zung anxiety scale indicative of at least mild anxiety. The anxiety was associated with female gender, higher score on Beck depression inventory and total burnout.

Background The burnout syndrome is increasingly recognized as the factor compromising the mental health of health-care workers. The demands of higher education were reported to influence the development of burnout syndrome among students. Medical students are a significant population as both future health care workers and students with high academic demands. The burnout among medical students has been studied using different questionnaires. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Study Burnout inventory for the assessment of burnout among medical students. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted during December of 2019 among the fifth year Medical students at the five Universities in Serbia (University of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Nis, and Kosovska Mitrovica). The questionnaire used was the Study Burnout Inventory, nine-item scale, measuring three dimensions of burnout (exhaustion from studying- EXH; cynicism toward the meaningfulness of studying-CYN; the sense of inadequacy as a student-INAD). Answers were given on a six-point Lickert scale. The assessment of psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire was done using the reliability analysis (Cronbach alpha-α) and test-retest reliability (intra-class coefficient-ICC). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the Receiver operation curves (ROC) compared to the total burnout assessed by the Copenhagen burnout inventory. Results A total of 493 students filled-in the questionnaire. The mean score was 28.95±8.87/54. The Cronbach alpha for the total scale was α = 0.839, for the EXH scale was α = 0.724, for the CYN scale was α = 0.767, and for the INAD scale was α = 0.431. The test-retest reliability was ICC=0.750. The total area under the curve was 0.756 (95% CI: 0.711-0.800). Conclusions The Study Burnout Inventory has good reliability and can be used for rapid assessment of burnout among Medical students, as this scale is short and convenient for the participants. Key messages The Study burnout inventory has a good reliability as a total scale. This short scale is convenient for the participants and can be used for assessment of burnout.

Background Sports betting has been one of the gambling games which are strongly associated with problem gambling. The aim of our study was to examine the association of social (socio-demographic and socio-economic) and lifestyle characteristics of sports bettors in Serbia. Methods The cross-sectional study was the secondary analysis of the data from the National Survey on lifestyles in Serbia: substance abuse and gambling, conducted during 2014. The questionnaire consisted of 158 items. The first part was on socio-demographic characteristics. The second was on lifestyle characteristics with Beverage Specific Quantity Frequency - BSQF Instrument developed during Standardized measurement of Alcohol-related troubles-SMART project, Kessler psychological distress scale, Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), use of illicit drugs, and prescription/ non-medical prescription drug use. The sports betting was assessed with yes/ no question: 'Have you played sports betting in the past 30 days?' Results The 10% of participants reported sports betting in the past 30 days. The sports betting was associated with being male (OR:11.22, 95% CI: 7.62-16.53), aged 18-44 (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.07), living in urban areas (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.41-2.28), being single (OR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.72), having secondary education (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.98), being unemployed (OR: 2.71, 95% CI:1.35-5.45), employed (OR: 3.00, 95 % CI: 1.53-5.90), or student (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.83-8.17), binge-drinking (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.39-2.71), non-medical prescription drug use (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.22-2.59) and low/ moderate (OR: 12.82, 95% CI: 8.50-19.33), and problem gambling (OR: 43.38, 95% CI: 11.75-160.11). Conclusions The association of sports betting with risk behaviors among young males should be a concern for public health authorities. Key messages The prevalence of the past 30 days betting in Serbia is 10%. Sports betting is associated with risk behaviors.