The results of a series of ITER simulation experiments on JET are described. A series of H-mode threshold experiments are shown to reproduce one of the standard power threshold scaling expressions that is being used to predict the power threshold in ITER. Then, from a series of experiments in which the Larmor radius scaling of ELMy H-modes is examined, it is concluded that the scaling of the confinement is gyro-Bohm-like provided the power levels are well above the threshold. Finally, we show that at high β there is a dramatic reduction in the confinement at β n > 2.
Recent results from the DIII-D tokamak have provided significant contributions to the understanding of many of the elements 0: tokamak physics and the application of this understanding to the design of next generation devices including ITER and CIT. The limitations of magnetohydrodynamic stability on the values of plasma beta (the ratio of kinetic pressure to the containing pressure of the magnetic field) that can be attained has been experimentally demonstrated and found to be described by existing theory. Values of beta (10.7% well in excess of those required for
Thomson scattering with a 1.5 ms long pulse mode 20 J ruby laser has been applied to a radiative argon plasma with electron densities Itg from 2.5 lola ma to 1.5 lozo m-3 and an electron temperature Te of about 3 eV. Photon counting techniques have been used. The accuracy of ne and Te to be reached is about 5% after 10 shots. The signal to noise ratio SIN has been optimized by the use of optical filters and a special purpose grating. The effects of these elements on SIN have been calculated. The entrance angle, transmission and quantum efficiency have also been optimized. A comparison between 5 possible h e r systems, including a normal mode and a Qswitched mode ruby laser, has been carried out.
An analytical computer simulation including coupling of control surface motions with dynamic stability modes and complete-airplane aeroelastic response in atmospheric turbulence is presented. Comparisons with the flight records recovered from a wrecked jet transport demonstrate the ability to simulate characteristics of catastrophic upsets of commercial transports in severe turbulence. Further application predicts an unusual buffet phenomenon. A digital computer automatically mechanizes an analog computer for the complete simulation. Nonlinear aerodynamics allows wing and stabilizer stall; time-dependent coefficients in the equations of motion allow variations in control deflections arid gains, forward speed, and lift due to indicial delay. Compressibility effects indicate that the over-all PrandtlGlauert correction applied to the incompressible gust-loads formula leads to conservative values of the load factor when compared to those based on the exact theory. Shock-induced stall buffet is not present in all upsets as are the gust-induced oscillations and subsequent incontrollability. Some basic stability parameters are shown to be inadequate at high subsonic speeds. New results characterize a gust-load factor which improves this method of accounting for unsteadiness arid compressibility. Revised design criteria, including coupling with control systems and pilot response characteristics, as well as a statistical re-evaluation of gust-load data, are possible future needs.
We would like to verify whether the Coanda effect has a significant impact when incorporated into theoretical vocal fold models that assume a piecewise linear shape of the vocal fold walls, as many do. We model the intraglottal flow with the equations of Thwaites. Thwaites boundary layer theory gives simple criteria for the glottal jet separation point if the vocal folds diverge linearly, and even validates well-known empirical observations for the jet width at flow separation. We test this criteria against flow experiments with rigid vocal fold replicas. The experiments involve symmetric and asymmetric vocal fold configurations, as well as steady and unsteady flow. We then validate the significance of the predicted Coanda effect on several numerical models of human vocal folds. We test the significance of the effect both on mechanically symmetric vocal fold models and on ones with mechanical asymmetries. We find limited effects on symmetric vocal folds and varying degrees of impact on asymmetric vocal folds.
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