Potential niches for Power-over-Fiber (PoF) technique can be found in hazardous areas that require controlling unauthorized access to risk areas and integration of multiple sensors, in scenarios avoiding electromagnetic interference, and the presence of ignition factors. This paper develops a PoF system that provides galvanic isolation between two ends of a fiber for remotely powering a proximity sensor as a proof of concept of the proposed technology. We analyze scalability issues for remotely powering multiple sensors in a specific application for hazardous environment. The maximum number of remote sensors that can be optically powered and the limiting factors are also studied; considering different types of multimode optical fibers, span lengths and wavelengths. We finally address the fiber mode field diameter effect as a factor that limits the maximum power to be injected into the fiber. This analysis shows the advantages of using Step-index versus Graded-index fibers.
We propose the integration of power over fiber in the next generation 5G radio access network front-haul solutions based on spatial division multiplexing with multicore fibers. The different architectures in both shared-and dedicated-core scenarios for power over fiber delivery and data signals are described. The maximum power to be delivered depending on the efficiencies of the different components is addressed as well as the limits of the delivered energy to avoid fiber fuse and non-linear effects. It is shown how those limits depend on high power laser linewidth, fiber attenuation, link length and fiber core effective area. The impairments related to non-linear effects, multicore fiber crosstalk and temperature are also theoretically analyzed. Experiments show there is no degradation of signal quality for feeding powers of several hundreds of milliwatts for both scenarios in 4-core multicore fibers. This study helps in designing future power by light delivery solutions in Radio over Fiber systems with multicore fibers.
We propose using power-over-fiber (PoF) in some part of future 5G cellular solutions based on radio access networks considering currently installed front-haul solutions with single mode fiber to optically power communication systems for 5G new radio (NR) data transmission. Simulations addressing design parameters are presented. Radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission over single mode fiber (SMF) is experimentally implemented and tested for link lengths ranging from 100 m up to 10 km with injected PoF signals up to 2 W. 64QAM, 16QAM and QPSK data traffic of 100 MHz bandwidth are transmitted simultaneously with the PoF signal showing an EVM compliant with 5G NR standard, and up to 0.5 W for 256QAM. EVM of 4.3% is achieved with RF signal of 20 GHz and QPSK modulation format in coexistence with delivering 870 mW of optical power to a photovoltaic cell (PV) after 10 km-long SMF link. Using PoF technology to optically powering remote units and Internet-of-Things (IoT) solutions based on RoF links is also discussed.
This paper introduces a novel concept for Remote Radio Head (RRH) powering: PoF pooling, and its application for Multi-Core Fiber (MCF) enabled by SDN. Simulations using stochastic geometry prove the benefits of this approach in a phantom cell scenario. PoF pooling concept As the power requirements of small-cell RHH of next generation cellular systems become lighter thanks to technologies like Radio-over-Fiber (RoF), the prospects to make possible cellular networks remotely fed by optical fiber are becoming a reality. One of the challenges for PoFsupported 5G systems is to make them scalable to hundreds or thousands of small cells by using a single power supply location, either at the Central Office (CO) or the closest Macro-cell Base Station (MBS). Even though local power units on each base station are no longer needed, achieving high savings, the amount of costly HPLDs (High-Power Laser Diodes) required to feed all the cells may hamper many initiatives until PoF becomes mainstream. Furthermore, a static allocation of fibers for remote powering may hinder flexible resource allocation in the access network. In this paper we present the concept of PoF pooling and PoF switching to address this problem, allowing a selective use of a fiber core for power, data transfer or both. The concept of PoF pooling is sketched in Fig. 1. The infrastructure is composed of multiple cell sites connected to a CO through a hy-ODN Cell site (CS) A
Smart IoT solutions integrated into power grid stations are important due to their high economic and social value. Power over fiber technology to remotely feeding sensors and control electronics is a good choice in these environments of high electromagnetic interference. A sensing system design for magnetic field monitoring, fire and temperature/presence detection, and remotely fed by optical means is discussed. This design includes two types of nodes, smart and passive. Smart remote nodes have an energy manager to provide power on demand. Asymmetric splitting is proposed to optimize power distribution. Some tests on remote node power consumption, feeding, sensing, and centralized monitoring in one type of those nodes are successfully performed and reported.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.