Abstract-We propose an algorithm-independent framework for rigorously comparing digital watermarking algorithms with respect to bit rate, perceptual quality, computational complexity, and robustness to signal processing. The framework is used to evaluate five audio watermarking algorithms from the literature, revealing that frequency domain techniques perform well under the criteria.
This paper presents a novel acoustic echo canceller structure based on combining the Filtered-X LMS algorithm with an LPCbased speech coder for use in videoconferencing and VoIP. The algorithm updates coefficients using filtered versions of the input and error signals obtained by directly tapping the shortterm excitation signal from the speech decoder, and by filtering the error signal with a bank of FIR decorrelation filters constructed from the LPC synthesis filter coefficients. The proposed algorithm was implemented using ITU G.729, and simulation results with 2000-tap room impulse responses show a faster and more constant rate of convergence than NLMS using speech input signals and an average 10 dB greater ERLE observed during convergence.
This paper investigates a normalized cross-correlation-based doubletalk detector for acoustic echo cancellers. A novel lowcomplexity version is presented suitable for implementation on IP-enabled telephones employing LPC-based speech coders. In particular, the algorithm obtains a decorrelated input signal and decorrelation filter coefficients directly from the speech decoder. The proposed algorithm is implemented using ITU G.729, and simulation results are collected for a typical room. Calibration data are obtained and shown to be independent of the speech input signal. It is also shown that the proposed algorithm has the same performance as a full-complexity version employing the same decorrelation filter order.
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