Interest is increasing in the content of toxic metals in cigarette smoke for both their harmful health effects and the possible antagonistic influence with the essential microelements. Numerous factors influence the metal concentration found in tobacco, including soil type and pH, genotype, stalk position, application of metal-containing pesticides to leaves. The rate of transfer to the smoke is dependent on the volatility, the temperature and the filter-type. In cigarette smoke element concentrations vary among brands and even within the same brand.No comprehensive information is yet available on the toxic heavy metal content of the major Hungarian cigarette-brands. The purpose of the study was to obtain current information on the metal contents of selected brands of cigarettes being sold in Hungary. The work described in this paper had two objectives: firstly to determine the cadmium, lead, zinc and iron content of raw materials (tobaccocut, cigarette paper, filter-rod) and secondly to measure the amount of these metals in the combustion products (cigarette smoke, ash, filter-rod).Non-negligible part of the toxic metal content of the tobacco cut gets into the mainstream smoke, but the measured values are not higher than the similar data published in the international literature. Filters are not really efficient to decrease the toxic metal content of the mainstream smoke. The toxic metal concentration in the sidestream smoke is higher than in the mainstream smoke.
Tobacco plant is known to easily absorb heavy metals from soil and accumulate them in leaves. Part of these metals is transferred by the smoke into the human body, where they accumulate, damage the organs (mainly kidney and liver) and act as promoters in conjunction with carcinogens. Application of the essential elements can be effective in the prevention of toxicity and curative manner against the negative effects of toxic heavy metals.Reducing the harmful health effects of tobacco smoke is one of the major tasks of our research. Essential elements, first of all Zn and Fe, were added in an artificial way on tobacco-cut so that these elements should pass by the smoke to the smokers' bodies.The toxic metal content of our tobacco-sample was consistent with other data published in international literature (Cd: 1.55 µg g -1 ; Pb: 1.51 µg g -1 ). The transfer rates of these metals from tobacco-cut to smoke were significant (Cd: 15-34%; Pb: 8-20%).Twenty-thirty percent of the artificially added Zn and 10-23% of Fe transfer into the smoke was mainly in total particulate matter (TPM). The transmission of Zn to the smoke seems not to be dependent on temperature of smoke formation. However, higher Fe concentration was detected in smoke forming at 600 °C than at 900 °C. The more considerable part of Zn and Fe can be found in the ash.
To estimate the quality deterioration caused by lipid peroxidation in stored ground poppy-seed samples, the kinetic behaviour of different biochemical parameters characteristic of lipid peroxidation was studied and compared with flavour deterioration. It was found that the probability of rapid deterioration of samples is low when the change in AC values (the ratio of the values at the time of measurement and at the beginning of investigation) for peroxide values is a linear function of storage time and when lipoxygenase activity is low. When the kinetics is immediately non-linear and high activity of lipoxygenases is detected, the possibility of rapid quality deterioration can be anticipated.
To estimate the quality deterioration caused by lipid peroxidation in stored ground poppy-seed samples, the kinetic behaviour of different biochemical parameters characteristic of lipid peroxidation was studied and compared with flavour deterioration. It was found that the probability of rapid deterioration of samples is low when the change in AC values (the ratio of the values at the time of measurement and at the beginning of investigation) for peroxide values is a linear function of storage time and when lipoxygenase activity is low. When the kinetics is immediately non-linear and high activity of lipoxygenases is detected, the possibility of rapid quality deterioration can be anticipated.
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