In Black South African patients with SLE, the APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles are not associated with SLE or lupus nephritis. Additionally, there is no association seen between renal function or urine protein excretion. This suggests that APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles do not play a role in SLE or lupus nephritis in the population examined. The presence of recombination within the G1 allele (rs60910145 and rs73885319), at two percent in the population examined, suggests that the concept of the G1 allele is flawed. As the G2 allele is not in HWE in the control group, while the other alleles are, this suggests that the G2 allele exerts a significant negative selective pressure on the control population, and may play a stronger physiological role, at the population level. The rs16996616 allele, despite being close to the G1 site, and a non-synonymous variant, revealed no association, furthering the case that the G2 allele may be the more physiologically potent allele
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